Structure of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine (Povidone-Iodine)

Schenck, Hans‐Uwe; Šimák, P.; Haedicke, E.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600681211

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), a compound of iodine and a carrier molecule [1], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; fig. 1), is widely used in antiseptic agents because of its efficacy, low cost and low toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Povidone-Iodine for Impetigo Contagiosum in a Boy with Atopic Dermatitis

Yoshida

Sakurai

Kawahara

et al. 2008

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is widely used in antiseptic agents. Immediate allergic reaction to PVP-I preparations is very rare and often overlooked, as it is difficult to diagnose. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is thought to play a role in the underlying mechanism. We examined the usefulness of the histamine release test (HRT) for definite diagnosis of PVP allergy. Method: A 9-year-old boy with eosinophilia (1,500/µl) and elevated total IgE (1,376 IU/ml) was suspected clinically of having a PVP allergy, as he had anaphylaxis twice when he was administered a PVP-I solution for impetigo contagiosum. Skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed with a PVP-I solution, PVP (K30), gentamicin sulfate and 2 other medicines containing PVP. HRT was assessed using peripheral blood basophils. Results: SPTs to PVP-I solution, PVP-K30 and other medicines were all negative. Histamine release was observed on stimulation by PVP in the presence of autologous serum, although it was not observed in the absence of autologous serum. Conclusions: This observation was in line with the clinical findings that anaphylaxis had not developed despite the long use of PVP-I solution, but developed only when he received PVP-I solution treatment where basophils could contact PVP-I in the presence of serum, which was probably due to a broken skin and vessel condition. Furthermore, our results suggest the usefulness of HRT in the diagnosis of PVP allergy, and the possibility that negative SPT does not entirely rule out PVP allergy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Povidone-Iodine for Impetigo Contagiosum in a Boy with Atopic Dermatitis

Yoshida

Sakurai

Kawahara

et al. 2008

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…For example, Schenck et al showed that povidone complexes with hydrogen triiodide through hydrogen bonding with the proton (43). Triiodide is in equilibrium with iodine (I 2 ) and iodide (I Ϫ ) shown by the reaction I 3 Ϫ ϭ I 2 ϩ I Ϫ .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Skin and Nasal Povidone-Iodine Preparation against Mupirocin-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus within the Anterior Nares

Anderson

David

Scholz

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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[BN]) or left untreated. One hour posttreatment, explants were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus 2% mucin. One, 6, or 12 h later, bacteria were recovered and enumerated. Alternatively, following baseline sampling, human subjects applied two consecutive applications of SNP or saline to their anterior nares. One, 6, and 12 h after application of the preparation (postprep), nasal swabs were obtained, and S. aureus was enumerated. We observed that treatment of infected PM or human skin explants with SNP resulted in >2.0 log 10 CFU reduction in MRSA, regardless of mupirocin sensitivity, which was significantly different from the values for BN-and Bet-treated explants and untreated controls 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h after being washed with PBS plus mucin. Swabbing the anterior nares of human subjects with SNP significantly reduced resident S. aureus compared to saline 1, 6, and 12 h postprep. Finally, pretreatment of PM explants with SNP, followed by a mucin rinse prior to infection, completely prevented MRSA infection. We conclude that SNP may be an attractive alternative for reducing the bioburden of anterior nares prior to surgery.

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“…In actuality, the complex is based on HI 3 since HI is formed in situ from iodine during the manufacturing process (96). According to the U.S. Pharmacopeia, Povidone-iodine is a free-flowing, brown powder that contains from 9-12 % available iodine.…”

Section: Iodine Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐Vinylamide Polymers

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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N ‐Vinyl lactams and their corresponding polymers and copolymers have received considerable attention in the academic literature and significant commercial success. However, until recently this interest centered on N ‐vinyl pyrrolidinone and its polymers and copolymers. N ‐Vinyl caprolactam is now emerging commercially because copolymerization with N ‐vinyl pyrrolidinone results in copolymers with high levels of lactam functionality but with controlled hydrophobicity desired in many hair‐fixative products designed to resist drop in high humidity environments. Polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP) is a unique water‐soluble polymer that forms lustrous, continuous films on dry‐down that are very adhesive because of hydrogen‐bonding to substrates such as skin and hair. This adhesive characteristic also results in a wide variety of useful applications such as pharmaceutical tablet binding, hot‐melt, and paper adhesive applications. PVP is relatively nontoxic and contributes mildness to formulations. PVP will also complex with a variety of small and large molecules because the pyrrolidinone carbonyl group can accept a proton in the presence of large anions, becoming pseudocationic. In addition, because of lactam polarity where significant charge can appear on the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, it can interact with electron‐rich aromatics. Ligands such as anionic dyes and surfactants or triiodide or phenolic or polynuclear aromatics or polyacids, etc, will interact and complex with PVP. PVPHI 3 or povidone‐iodine is probably the most successful of these complexes, retaining a reservoir of iodine even in dilute solution, affording fresh germicidal iodine as free iodine is consumed. Cross‐linked PVP or crospovidone can be employed to remove bitter tannins (phenolics) from beer and wine. Dry crospovidone can be compressed because of interhydrogen‐bonding, only to rapidly swell when exposed to moisture. For this reason it has achieved success as a tablet disintegrant.

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Structure of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine (Povidone-Iodine)

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Povidone-Iodine for Impetigo Contagiosum in a Boy with Atopic Dermatitis

Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Povidone-Iodine for Impetigo Contagiosum in a Boy with Atopic Dermatitis

Efficacy of Skin and Nasal Povidone-Iodine Preparation against Mupirocin-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus within the Anterior Nares

N‐Vinylamide Polymers

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