We report on the synthesis and characterization of a new metastable polymorph of Li 2 MnSiO 4 adopting the Pn space group, prepared by ion-exchange from Na 2 MnSiO 4 . Density-functional theory methods were used to predict the lattice parameters and atom positions of the new polymorph material and those of Na 2 MnSiO 4 and LiNaMnSiO 4 , allowing their identification by X-ray diffraction profiles, as well as the comparison of the measured and calculated cell parameters. The electrochemical activity of this new polymorph as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries was evaluated in coin cells and compared to that of the thermodynamically stable Pmn2 1 polymorph of Li 2 MnSiO 4 , as well as LiNaMnSiO 4 and Na 2 MnSiO 4 . Carbon coating, very vital to the electrochemical activity of the material, was added in situ to the material before ion-exchange because the metastable polymorph converts to the stable polymorph above 370°C, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry scans. Both Li 2 MnSiO 4 polymorphs display similar charge−discharge curves, except for a marginally lower lithium extraction voltage during the first charge of the Pn structure that may be due to the presence of sodium ion impurities. A discharge capacity of 110 mA h g −1 is initially observed for both Li 2 MnSiO 4 polymorphs and both exhibit similar capacity fades. LiNaMnSiO 4 , however, yields a stable capacity of 45 mA h g −1 , whereas Na 2 MnSiO 4 yields an initial capacity of 20 mAh g −1 , increasing to 60 mAh g −1 with cycling.
KEYWORDS: lithium manganese silicate, polymorphism, Li-ion battery