Structure of inorganic and carbonaceous particles emitted from heavy oil combustion

Allouis, C.; Beretta, F.; D’Alessio, Antonio

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00714-2

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It has been found that the primary particles are also built up from subunits, so that typically three size ranges are observed. The inclusion of such subunits in primary particles (plerospheres) has been observed before and thus is not a novelty to particles from combustion processes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Size-range analysis of diesel soot with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Braun

Huggins

Seifert

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Size-range analysis of diesel soot with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Braun

Huggins

Seifert

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

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“…Even though 5% is a higher mass fraction than that reported for copper in PM generated during thermal processes, this mass fraction is appropriate for ultrafine PM in the atmosphere, where the concentration of metal increases with decreasing particle size. 40 Therefore, EPFR formation on the ultrafine particles should be considered because of the appropriate mass fraction of metal oxide and ability of ultrafine particles containing nanosized ones to promote EPFR formation. Overall, the results in this study indicated that EPFR formation was dependent on the mass fraction of CuO.…”

Section: 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pivotal Roles of Metal Oxides in the Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

Yang

Liu

Jin

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

101

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Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are emerging pollutants that can adversely affect human health. Although the pivotal roles of metal oxides in EPFR formation have been identified, few studies have investigated the influence of the metal oxide species, size, or concentration on the formation of EPFRs. In this study, EPFR formation from a polyaromatic hydrocarbon with chlorine and hydroxyl substituents (2,4-dichloro-1-naphthol) was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effect of the metal oxide on the EPFR species and its lifetime and yield were evaluated. The spectra obtained with catalysis by CuO, Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, and NiO were obviously different, indicating that different EPFRs formed. The abilities of the metal oxides to promote EPFR formation were in the order Al 2 O 3 > ZnO > CuO > NiO, which were in accordance with the oxidizing strengths of the metal cations. A decay study showed that the generated radicals were persistent, with a maximum 1/e lifetime of 108 days on the surface of Al 2 O 3 . The radical yields were dependent on the concentration and particle size of the metal oxide. Metal oxide nanoparticles increased the EPFR concentrations more than micrometer-sized particles.

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“…These include suboxides of silica and alumina, SO 2 converted to non-volatile sulfates, moderately volatile species ofcommon metals such as Ni, V, Fe, Zn, and Cu, and some high-molecular weight organics [27–29]. The presence of seed nuclei are generally accepted to be necessary (due to the Kelvin effect which reduces the vapor pressure of species on surfaces) for volatile species to condense into particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of seed nuclei are generally accepted to be necessary (due to the Kelvin effect which reduces the vapor pressure of species on surfaces) for volatile species to condense into particles. Although sulfate anions are the most frequently identified seed nuclei, there is evidence the counter metal cations are equally capable of mediating condensation of volatile species into particles [7,27]. For example, metal cations associated with nanoparticles of metals and their oxides have shown enhanced surface reactivity and increased adsorption due to increased interfacial tension and surface free energy with decreasing particle size [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe2O3 nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene

Herring

Potter

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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While it is well documented iron oxide can reduce soot through burnout in the oxidative regions of flames, it may also impact molecular growth and particle inception. The role of Fe2O3 nanoparticles in mass growth of soot from 1-methylnapthalene (1-MN) was studied in a dual-zone, high-temperature flow reactor. An iron substituted, dendrimer template was oxidized in the first zone to generate ~5 nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which were seeded into the second zone of the flow reactor containing 1-MN at 1100°C and ϕ = 1.4–5.0. Enhanced molecular growth in the presence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles resulted in increased yields of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot compared to purely gas-phase reactions of 1-MN at identical fuel–air equivalence ratios. This also resulted in an increase in soot-number concentration and a slight shift to smaller particles with increasing addition (from no addition to 3 mM) of Fe2O3. Introduction of Fe2O3 nanoparticles resulted in the formation of stabilization of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), including benzyl, phenoxyl, or semiquinone-type radicals as well as carbon-centered radicals, such as cyclopentadienyl or a delocalized electron in a carbon matrix. At the high concentrations in the flow reactor, these resonance-stabilized free radicals can undergo surface-mediated, radical–radical, molecular growth reactions which may contribute to molecular growth and soot particle inception.

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Structure of inorganic and carbonaceous particles emitted from heavy oil combustion

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Size-range analysis of diesel soot with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Size-range analysis of diesel soot with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Pivotal Roles of Metal Oxides in the Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

Fe2O3 nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene

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