Structure of cake layer in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment

“…They also stated that attachment of small flocs and/or specific bacterial clusters can be considered as the start point of the cake formation process. Sluge cake which is not removable by the back-flush cycles or relaxation, is considered as the dominate cause of the membrane fouling, as stated by Gao et al (2011). Gao et al (2010) stated that the performance and membrane fouling of a SAnMBR can be adversely affected by the accumulation of substances such as colloids and solutes or biopolymers as a result of sludge flocs breakage induced by elevated pH shocks (pH 8.0, 9.1 and 10.0).…”

The Study of Effective of Added Aluminum Oxide Nano Particles to the Drilling Fluid: The Evaluation of Two Synthesis Methods

“…The relationship between the applied force and the resulting deformation is a unique function of each specific material. For fluids, i.e., liquids and gases, this function is known as a rheological property of the material [3,4]. Fluids are classified by their rheological behavior American Petroleum Institute.…”

Study on submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating high suspended solids raw tannery wastewater for biogas production

“…The internal looped SAMBR has many advantage over UASBr and ASPs, viz: a) achieving high quality permeate retaining maximum suspended solids that can convert particulate COD (COD P ) to soluble COD (COD S ) for enriched biogas production and eliminating the need for secondary clarifier, b) operating the reactors with an increased level of biomass (12-20 g.L À1 ) (Spagni et al, 2009), c) high substrate to biomass (Food to microorganism) ratio in the reactor (Mahendran et al, 2011), d) efficient gas, liquid and solids (GLS) separation (Bakonyi et al, 2014) and f) high substrate to bacterial contact without any sludge gradient through mixing of SAMBR by self-synthesized and stored biogas (Smith et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2010;Jeison and Lier, 2006) as a biogas mixing and dispersion/agitation arrangements. Consequently, many researchers have demonstrated SAMBR as an efficient treatment for low and high strength sewage and industrial wastewaters Gao et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011;Lindmark et al, 2011;Zayen et al, 2010;Saddoud et al, 2007). SAMBR treating municipal secondary wastewater achieved COD removal efficiency of 90% with methane yield of 0.26 L CH 4 .g À1 COD removed .…”

“…However, the residual organics retained in the SAMBR with high biomass (12-20 g.VSS L À1 ) independently of the hydraulic thorough put, enable the particulate contaminants (COD P ) to be hydrolysed and biodegraded into biogas (Hu and Stuckey, 2006). The high particulate organics retained upon microfiltration at longer SRT are easily available for anaerobic digestion with high (MLVSS) microbial population (Bakonyi et al, 2014;Dereli et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2011;Zayen et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2009) of 12-20 g VSS in SAMBR. The extended biomass residence time accelerate the proliferation of hydrogen -consuming hydrogenotropic methanogenes, homoacetogenes, etc.…”