Structure of bovine immunoglobulin constant region heavy chain gamma 1 and gamma 2 genes

Symons, D.B.A.; Clarkson, C A; Beale, D.

doi:10.1016/0161-5890(89)90140-5

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The constant regions of bovine IgD, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgE and IgA have been well characterized [16,52,69,70,94,111,121]. The constant regions identified in sheep are IgD, IgM (possibly two IgM allotypes), IgG1, IgG2, IgE and IgA [18,24,31,45,86,114,121].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of B-cell Diversity and Ig Isotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sheep and cattle Peyer’s patch as a site of B-cell development

et al. 2006

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-In sheep and cattle, the ileal Peyer's patch (PP), which extends one-two meters along the terminal small intestine, is a primary lymphoid organ of B-cell development. B-cell diversity in the ileal PP is thought to develop by combinatorial mechanisms, gene conversion and/or point mutation. These species also have jejunal PP that function more like secondary lymphoid tissues concerned with mucosal immune reactions. These two types of PP differ significantly in their histology, ontogeny and the extent of lymphocyte traffic. The prenatal development of follicles in the PP begins first in the jejunum during the middle of gestation and then in the ileum during late gestation. B-cells proliferate rapidly in the ileal PP follicle; up to five percent of these cells survive while the majority dies by apoptosis, perhaps driven by the influence of environmental antigen and/ or self-antigen. The surviving cells migrate from the ileal PP and populate the peripheral B-cell compartment. By adolescence, the ileal PP has involuted but the function of jejunal PP, compatible with a role as secondary lymphoid organ, continues throughout life. In this review, we focus on the development of PP as a site of B-cell repertoire generation, positive and negative B-cell selection, and the differences between ileal PP and jejunal PP.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of B-cell Diversity and Ig Isotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sheep and cattle Peyer’s patch as a site of B-cell development

et al. 2006

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“…Like other mammalian species, multiple ␥ genes, three in the cow (7,11) and two in the sheep, have been identified (15), whereas the ␣ and ⑀ genes exist as single copy genes (7). The functional bovine IGHC genes have been assigned to the Bos taurus chromosome 21q23-q24 (16,17), whereas the lambda light chain constant region gene maps to chromosome 17 (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ruminants such as cow and sheep, genes encoding , ␦, ␥, ␣, ⑀ have all been described (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Like other mammalian species, multiple ␥ genes, three in the cow (7,11) and two in the sheep, have been identified (15), whereas the ␣ and ⑀ genes exist as single copy genes (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Mapping of the Bovine Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Constant Region Gene Locus

Zhao

Kacskovıcs

Rabbani

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Bovine antibodies have recently attracted increasing attention, as they have been shown to exhibit prophylactic and therapeutic properties in selected infectious diseases in humans. In the present study, we have isolated bacterial artificial chromosomes and cosmid clones containing the bovine JH, , ␦, ␥1, ␥2, ␥3, ⑀, and ␣ genes, which allowed us to make a contig of the genes within the bovine IGHC locus. The genes are arranged in a 5-JH-7 kb--5 kb-␦-33 kb-␥3-20 kb-␥1-34 kb-␥2-20 kb-⑀-13 kb-␣-3 order, spanning ϳ150 kb DNA. Examination of the bovine germline JH locus revealed six JH segments, two of which, JH1 and JH2, were shown to be functional although there was a strong preference for expression of the former. Sequence alignment of the bovine 5 E enhancer core region with those of other mammals, demonstrated an absence of the E3 motif and a shortened spacer between the A and B sites within the bovine E enhancer core region. Furthermore, the essential sequence element for class switching, switch , spanning ϳ3-kb repetitive sequence and abundant in the switch region motifs CTGGG (187 repeats) and CTGAG (127 repeats), was identified immediately upstream of the gene. A further sequence comparison revealed that the bovine IGHC genes display an extensive polymorphism leading to expression of multiple antibody allotypes.

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“…The bovine immunoglobulins consist of four classes: IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE. The IgGs contain three subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 as well as two light ‫ג‬ (lambda) and K (Kappa) chains (Knight et al, 1988;Symons et al, 1989;Kacskovics et al, 1996;Rabbani et al, 1997). The three genes that codify the heavy chains of the IgGs (γ1, γ2, γ3) are located in the chromosome 21q24 (Gu et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subclasses of IgG exist in different species and their biochemical composition offers the basis for the biological effectors' functions. The molecular and serological characteristics of the bovine IgG subclasses show the existence of allotype variation, providing polymorphic genetic markers for immunoglobulins with functional consequences (Blakeslee et al, 1971;Rapacz et al, 1972;Wegrezyn et al, 1978;Symons et al, 1989;Kacskovics et al, 1996;Rabbani et al, 1997). The IgG1 displays unique characteristics: a) it constitutes 90% of the colostral immunoglobulins, providing neonatal protection as well as instructions for the action of the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%