Structure of Biologically Active Organotin(IV) Dithiocarbamates

Modeling the electron cyclotron emission below the fundamental resonance in ITER

“…The pronounced frequency dependence predicted here at the relevant ω < ω c mirrors earlier results obtained for rather different plasma conditions [10] or model assumptions [16]. The agreement between predicted and measured mode conversion coefficients p x is also encouraging, but it would nevertheless be desirable to benchmark our predictions against experiments and/or other codes suitable for predicting ECE levels in ITER at ω < ω c .…”

“…Given the scarcity of experimental results that can be directly compared to our predictions, we have instead benchmarked our results against those of the SPECE code [16] as an initial means of validation. SPECE was developed for use at JET but has also been employed for ECE predictions at ITER at ω < ω c [16]. The code solves equation (1) using the fully relativistic dispersion relation and accounts for the antenna pattern by simulating multiple rays.…”

“…A number of different raytracing codes have been developed for simulations of the ECE in fusion devices, e.g. [13][14][15][16].…”

“…However, this was based on models of hot or non-thermal TFTR plasmas in a plane-slab plasma geometry without refractive effects or mode conversion, so accurate extrapolation to realistic ITER conditions is not straightforward. For ITER plasmas, results from the SPECE code [16], limited to frequencies above 100 GHz, have suggested that the above ECE feature may reach peak radiation temperatures comparable to the core electron temperature. However, these results assume a parallelwall geometry and a pre-specified strength of mode conversion and do not include predictions at lower frequencies.…”