Phytoplankton are the main primary producers in aquatic ecosystems and
play an important role in food web and geochemical cycles. Its
diversity, community structure, and assembly process are influenced by
several factors. Among these factors, climate change and human
synergistic changes in water physicochemical factors and nutrient levels
are the main causes. Alpine lake ecosystems are relatively weak and
extremely sensitive to global climate change. However, the impact of
climate change on phytoplankton in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) lakes and
their responses are still unclear. In this study, we systematically
analyzed the diversity, environmental drivers, and assembly process of
phytoplankton community in the central QTP lakes. The phytoplankton of
these lakes can be primarily distinguished into freshwater and brackish
types, with significant differences in species diversity and community
dissimilarity. Both types shared nearly same key environmental factors
that significantly affecting phytoplankton such as EC, and brackish
lakes were also positively correlative with TN, Ca and Si. Stochastic
process was predominant in phytoplankton assembly because of the harsh
environmental condition. Additionally, freshwater and brackish lakes
were dominated by dispersal limitation and heterogeneous selection
respectively. Alpine lakes had significant EC thresholds, and their
diversity and assembly processes changed significantly around the
thresholds. Owing to warming and moistening of QTP during the past
decades, some significant changes have occurred, such as gradual
decrease in lake EC. The present findings have important implications
for understanding and predicting the response of lake phytoplankton
communities to climate change and for making decisions to protect the
ecological resources of alpine lakes.