Structure of a Central-European mountain spruce old-growth forest with respect to historical development

Svoboda, Miroslav; Pouska, Václav

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.031

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies from Carpathian forests reported that the area of forest floor covered by stumps and logs amounted to approximately 4-10% (Szewczyk and Szwagrzyk 1996;Holeksa 1998;Holeksa et al 2007;Svoboda and Pouska 2008;Svoboda et al 2010). The area of woody microsites found in this study was low.…”

Section: Quantity and Quality Of Woody Micrositescontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…In this study, 30% of seedlings and 29% of saplings occurred on stumps or fallen deadwood. Other authors have reported that in a subalpine forest the population of Picea occupying woody microsites accounts for 20-80% of total regeneration (Holeksa et al 2007;Svoboda and Pouska 2008;Svoboda et al 2010). Several dozen years ago dead trees were still being removed from the forest in the Gorce Mountains, while active protection over the last three decades has also had an impact on the quantity and quality of different microsites.…”

Section: Types Of Microsites For Picea Regeneration In the Subalpine mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Bujoczek¹,

Bujoczek²,

Banaś³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The occurrence probability of Picea abies seedlings on fallen deadwood was found to increase with diameter and decay stage of deadwood and with the volume of living trees, and to decrease with the density of living trees, sapling density, and land slope; it was also higher on stumps with greater diameter and in plots with higher sapling density, but decreased with increasing stump height. AbstractThe density of Picea abies [L.] Karst. regeneration on different microsites, the quantity and quality of woody microsites, and seedling occurrence probability on stumps and fallen deadwood were studied in a subalpine forest in the Gorce Mountains, part of the western Carpathians, which has been under protection for approximately 30-40 years. Thirty percent of seedlings and 29% of saplings grew on stumps and fallen deadwood, while the remaining regeneration occurred on the forest floor and mounds created by uprooted trees. The occurrence probability of Picea seedlings on fallen deadwood increased with deadwood diameter and decay stage and with the volume of living trees, and decreased with increased density of living trees, sapling density, and land slope. Furthermore, seedlings were more likely to grow on stumps with a greater diameter and in plots with higher sapling density, but less likely to grow on higher stumps. Stumps and fallen deadwood covered about 408 m 2 /ha of the forest floor, but strongly decomposed logs and those of a diameter exceeding 30 cm, which are the most important for promoting regeneration, took up only about 22 m 2 /ha. In the studied subalpine forest, which has been protected for 30-40 years, tree regeneration takes place mostly on the forest floor and on stumps. The role of fallen deadwood increases over time as a greater number of suitable logs of sufficient size and decay stage become available.

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Section: Quantity and Quality Of Woody Micrositescontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Types Of Microsites For Picea Regeneration In the Subalpine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Bujoczek¹,

Bujoczek²,

Banaś³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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“…A deadwood inventory conducted in the montane zone in central Slovakia reported a mean volume of 143.5 m 3 /ha . Data from the Czech Šumava National Park from the year 2002 indicated 311 and 156 m 3 /ha (Svoboda and Pouska 2008), while a survey of a Japanese old-growth subalpine coniferous forest revealed 217.9 m 3 /ha (Fukasawa et al 2014). In boreal natural forests in the Petersburg region, deadwood volume ranged from 32 to 326 m 3 /ha (Shorohova and Shorohov 2001).…”

Section: Deadwood Volume and Forest Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Deadwood volume in strictly protected, natural, and primeval forests in Poland

2018

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Standing and downed deadwood at different stages of decay provides a crucial habitat for a wide range of organisms. It is particularly abundant in unmanaged forests, such as strictly protected areas of national parks and nature reserves. The present work used the available data for such sites in Poland, analyzing a total of 113 studies concerning 79 sites to determine the causes contributing to variation in deadwood volume based on the duration of conservation, changes in deadwood volume over time (for those sites which were examined multiple times), elevation above sea level, forest type, stage of forest development, input of dead trees from the years preceding deadwood measurements, live tree volume, and the proportion of downed to standing deadwood). Depending on species composition and site altitude, most tree stands fell into one of four categories: subalpine spruce forests, montane beech-fir forests, low altitude beech-fir forests, or oak-hornbeam and riparian forests. The mean deadwood volume for all forest types amounted to 172.0 m 3 /ha. The mean volume of deadwood in montane beech-fir forests (223.9 m 3 /ha) was statistically significantly greater than in the other three forest types, for which it ranged from 103.5 to 142.5 m 3 /ha. A direct effect of the duration of conservation on deadwood volume was not identified. Nevertheless, analysis of repeated measurements on the same sample plots at 10-year intervals showed a consistent rise in mean deadwood volume. A linear regression model for all the analyzed factors reported from montane beech-fir forests and subalpine spruce forests showed that in addition to site altitude, another statistically significant variable was the input of dead trees (R 2 = 63.54%).

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“…One of the key factors responsible for the lower regeneration of spruce in the extracted plots is the absence of dead wood, since it decreases the pressure of competitive species, for which decomposing material is not an optimal substrate [1,[35][36][37]. The importance of dead wood in forest regeneration increases at higher altitudes [38], and it also maintains the necessary microclimate and protects the seedlings from intensive sunlight.…”

Section: Natural Regeneration Of the Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wind and fire disturbance in Central European mountain spruce forests: the regeneration after four years

et al. 2013

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A strong windstorm in November 2004 resulted in a huge blown-down spruce forest area in the southern part of the Tatra National Park in the Western Carpathians in Slovakia, Central Europe. The aim of this work is to study the vegetation composition of spruce forest at differently managed sites four years after this disturbance. Four study areas were selected for this purpose: (i) an area where the fallen trees were extracted and new seedlings were planted; (ii) an area, which was hit by a forest fire after the extraction; (iii) an area where no active management was applied; (iv) a reference forest unaffected by such disturbance. A total of 100 plots were selected, 25 of each area type. The result of DCA and CCA analyses consistently indicated that after this short period the non-extracted and extracted areas are currently most similar to the reference forest area, while the fire affected area differed. A one-way ANOVA comparing species cover for the different plot sizes indicated some significant differences between the extracted and non-extracted plots. The abundance of certain species commonly occurring in spruce forests, such as Dyopteris carthusiana agg., Vaccinium myrtillus and Avenella flexuosa, correlated weli with the non-extracted plots, compared to the extracted plots. Coverage of these species was lowest on burned plots. The lowest Shannon-Wiener’s diversity values were recorded in burned plots. This was most likely a consequence of mono-dominant competitive species spread, (mainly Chamerion angustifolium) which profited from the altered ecological conditions following the fire. Although some differences were also registered in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index between the remaining research plots, however these were not statistically significant. The most important results of our investigations include the extensive influence of fire disturbance on vegetation. Study revealed that the wind-disturbed area is able to regenerate sufficiently without human intervention

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Structure of a Central-European mountain spruce old-growth forest with respect to historical development

Cited by 53 publications

References 54 publications

Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Deadwood volume in strictly protected, natural, and primeval forests in Poland

The wind and fire disturbance in Central European mountain spruce forests: the regeneration after four years

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