Structure, mineralogy, and Pb isotopic composition of the As-Au-Ag deposit Rotgülden, Eastern Alps (Austria): significance for formation of epigenetic ore deposits within metamorphic domes

Horner, Johannes; Neubauer, Franz; Paar, Werner H.; Hansmann, W.; Koeppel, V.; Robl, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s001260050122

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to Demange et al (2006), although there is no obvious connection with any intrusive at least at the level of the deposit, the hydrothermal system at Salsigne was probably associated genetically with late Variscan magmatism when the regime changed from compressional to extensional. Similarly, ore formation in the Austrian Alps was related to late orogenic exhumation by stretching of footwall sequences within the Hohe Tauern metamorphic core complex during the Late Oligocene and Neogene (Horner et al 1997, Putz et al 2003, Neubauer 2005. Several types of mineralization (e.g., shear-zone related, quartz veins in tension gashes, carbonate-replacement ore) are closely linked to structures formed during exhumation (Neubauer 2005): the Schellgaden-type Au-Ag-Pb-Cu-W bearing quartz lenses, as well as the Rotgülden-type As-Au-Ag ores, occur in a ductile low-angle normal shear zone at the upper margin of the Tauern window (Amann et al 1997, Horner et al 1997, and display a similar ore mineralogy to that at Stanos, with the exception that W is absent in the latter.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Shear Zone Related Depositsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, ore formation in the Austrian Alps was related to late orogenic exhumation by stretching of footwall sequences within the Hohe Tauern metamorphic core complex during the Late Oligocene and Neogene (Horner et al 1997, Putz et al 2003, Neubauer 2005. Several types of mineralization (e.g., shear-zone related, quartz veins in tension gashes, carbonate-replacement ore) are closely linked to structures formed during exhumation (Neubauer 2005): the Schellgaden-type Au-Ag-Pb-Cu-W bearing quartz lenses, as well as the Rotgülden-type As-Au-Ag ores, occur in a ductile low-angle normal shear zone at the upper margin of the Tauern window (Amann et al 1997, Horner et al 1997, and display a similar ore mineralogy to that at Stanos, with the exception that W is absent in the latter. However, these examples are uncommon for orogenic gold deposits, which are instead characterized by a relatively simple sulfide mineralogy dominated by pyrite and/or arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite with gold associated with albite, white mica, chlorite, scheelite, and tourmaline, and typically host rocks metamorphosed to the greenschist-facies (Groves et al 1998).…”

Section: Comparison To Other Shear Zone Related Depositsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece

Voudouris¹,

Spry²,

Mavrogonatos³

et al. 2013

The Canadian Mineralogist

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Arsenic-copper-gold-bismuth mineralization in the Stanos area is hosted by a km-long, NW-SE trending ductile to brittle shear zone within Silurian orthogneisses of the Vertiskos terrane of the Servomacedonian Massif, Chalkidiki Peninsula, northern Greece. Shearing was accompanied by iron-potassic alteration of the gneisses including biotite, muscovite, chlorite, apatite, zircon, quartz, and minor rare-earth element phosphates. Metallic minerals form disseminated to massive aggregates along foliation planes, asymmetric crenulation cleavages, and S-C' fabrics. Detailed textural investigation of the ore assemblages revealed two stages of hydrothermal mineralization during shearing. An initial introduction of iron sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite) was followed by a copper-bearing stage that is associated with the formation of chalcopyrite, minor sulfides (galena, sphalerite, and molybdenite), and Bi-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag-Te minerals. The stage II metallic mineral association consists mainly of Bi sulfosalts (bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, matildite), native elements (bismuth, electrum), and bismuth chalcogenides (joséite-A, joséite-B, ikunolite, and unnamed Bi-Pb-bearing sulfotellurides). The bismuthinite derivatives are mainly bismuthinite (including cuprian varieties), gladite-krupkaite, paarite, salzburgite, and an unnamed CuPbBi 7 S 12 phase. The ikunolite is Se-free, corresponding to the formula Bi 4 S 3 , and is the first known occurrence in Greece. Most stage II minerals exist in two-, three-, and, more rarely, four-component blebs or patches generally with curvilinear boundaries, suggesting the possibility that they were precipitated in a molten form. Phase relationships among minerals in the system Au-Bi-Te-Pb-Ag-Cu the CanaDian MineRalogist indicate that they formed by successive hydrothermal pulses from fluids that penetrated the shear zone at different times contemporaneous with ductile deformation. These pulses deposited the following assemblages in paragenetic order: molybdenite + cosalite + native bismuth + galenobismutite → gustavite/lillianite + native gold + native bismuth + bismuth sulfotellurides → bismuthinite-aikinite solid solution series→ matildite + native bismuth + galena → chalcopyrite + bornite. The observed association suggests that the system evolved under fluctuating f(S 2 ) and f(O 2 ) conditions and precious metals may have been scavenged by composite Bi-Te-Pb-S melts at temperatures well above 350 ºC. The enrichment of Bi, Mo, Pb likely indicates a magmatic contribution to the ore-forming fluid.

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Section: Comparison To Other Shear Zone Related Depositsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Comparison To Other Shear Zone Related Depositsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece

Voudouris¹,

Spry²,

Mavrogonatos³

et al. 2013

The Canadian Mineralogist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reference Bulguria Amov, 1999;Stos-Gale et al, 1998England and Wales Rohl, 1996France Baron et al, 2006Le Guen et al, 1991Greece Chalkias et al, 1988Stos-Gale et al, 1996 Germany andAustria Bode et al, 2009;Durali-Mueller et al, 2007;Horner et al, 1997;Krahn and Baumann, 1996;Tischendorf et al, 1993Italy Begemann et al, 2001Gale and Stos-Gale, 1988;Ludwig et al, 1989;Stos-Gale and Gale, 1992;Stos-Gale et al, 1995Tunisia Skaggs, 2007 Stos- Sayre et al, 1992;Yener et al, 1991 Spain Arribas andTosdal, 1994;Canals and Cardellach, 1997;Craddock et al, 1997;Marcoux, 1998;Pomies et al, 1998;Stos-Gale et al, 1995;Tornos and Chiaradis, 2004;Velasco et al, 2003;Velasco et al, 1996;Zalduegui, 2004 a series of individual, high magnification, 2-D element distribution maps, each of which is in focus with respect to the Rowland focusing geometry. Imaged areas were typically 0.5 by 1.0 mm in size.…”

Section: Countrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Local mining or lead importation in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis? Lead isotope analysis of curse tablets from Roman Carthage, Tunisia

Skaggs

Norman

Garrison

et al. 2012

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…(2001) and Wagner and Schneider (2002). Touray et al (1989), Curti (1987) and Horner et al . (1997) provided literature data from major gold‐producing areas; for example, Limousin (central France), Monte Rosa (southern Switzerland) and the Hohe Tauern (Austrian Alps), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

DETECTING CHANGES OF CELTIC GOLD SOURCES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENT AND Pb ISOTOPE LASER ABLATION ANALYSIS OF CELTIC GOLD COINS*

et al. 2009

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This project follows on from an initial study of Celtic gold coins from the Middle Rhine/ Moselle region, which was based on material found at the Martberg, a Late Iron Age/Roman sanctuary and settlement (River Moselle, western Germany;Bendall 2003). The earlier work was expanded to encompass over 100 examples of various other regional Celtic gold coinages from the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz. The alloy (Au-Ag-Cu) and trace element compositions (in particular Ni, Sb and Pt) were determined by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS, respectively, and their Pb isotope signatures were measured by LA-MC-ICP-MS. Of the 28 trace elements measured, only Ni, Sb and Pt were found to show meaningful variations and so only they are presented here. In particular, differences in the Pt/Au ratios between various groups of earlier coinage (imitations of Philippus and Alexander/Nike staters, Sch. 23 and some early Boian coins) on the one hand, and the majority of the Boian and the southern rainbow cup coinages on the other, indicate a significant difference in the gold sources exploited for these regional coinages. The Pb isotope data confirm previous conclusions that the contribution of gold to the total lead in the Au-Ag-Cu coin alloys can be detected, especially for coins with over 70% gold, and show that possible gold sources include both eastern Mediterranean and Alpine sources. Combining the Pb isotope data with the Pt/Au ratios allows the potential gold sources to be further differentiated.

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Structure, mineralogy, and Pb isotopic composition of the As-Au-Ag deposit Rotgülden, Eastern Alps (Austria): significance for formation of epigenetic ore deposits within metamorphic domes

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece

Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece

Local mining or lead importation in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis? Lead isotope analysis of curse tablets from Roman Carthage, Tunisia

DETECTING CHANGES OF CELTIC GOLD SOURCES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENT AND Pb ISOTOPE LASER ABLATION ANALYSIS OF CELTIC GOLD COINS*

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