The results from the use of microwaves for ceramic synthesis have showed different results than that of conventionally synthesis method. One of the group results consists of indirect evidence of diffusion such as observations of enhanced sintering, grain growth, or reaction zones. The other group consists of direct measurements of diffusivities and activation energies for diffusion during microwave processing. Understanding the physical mechanisms of microwave effect is play an important role in the synthesis of materials technologies employing microwave energy. Many different physical phenomena including thermal and non-thermal are involved in the microwave processing of ceramics known as 'microwave effect'. This paper describes analysis of recent research on microwave sintering of an oxide ceramic, a high purity -alumina. The experiment data used involved a wide range of microwave frequencies up to sub-238 Muhammad Zamrun Firihu et al. millimeter range which have been reported previously. Existing evidence as to that microwaves enhanced diffusions has been reviewed and will be discussed.