Structure elucidation of prot, alkali and dealkaline lignin(s) by NMR, FT-IR and Py-GC/MS: effect of solid acid and base catalysts

Abstract

Structural insight into lignin(s) helps in understanding its breaking behaviour, and is needed to overcome the real industrial lignin valorization problem. Here, one industrial lignin obtained from mixture of biomass...

Eggshell-Lignin Carbon Composite for Methyl Orange Removal from Wastewater

“…Further, the weight loss in the range of 100–500 °C was accredited to the decomposition of volatiles. The major loss in the range of 620–900 °C can be ascribed to the decomposition of the eggshell’s calcium carbonate and cracking of lignin linkages. , Consequently, the final carbon material was fabricated by pyrolyzing at 900 °C to ensure the complete decomposition of lignin and eggshell.…”

Recent advances and perspectives of Ir-based anode catalysts in PEM water electrolysis

“…12,13 In contrast, PEMWE has the advantage of a fast response under highly dynamic operating conditions, making it suitable for integration with intermittent renewable energy sources. [14][15][16] Therefore, PEMWE attracts unprecedented attention in green hydrogen production and is considered a more promising water electrolysis technology for the future.…”

“…The generated electrons are transported to the surface of the cathode through the external power supply circuit, and the protons pass through the PEM to the cathode catalyst layer and combine with the electrons on the cathode surface to generate hydrogen (4H + + 4e À -2H 2 ). 12,15 Based on the understanding of the principles of PEMWE technology, it can be found that the catalyst layer is the core site for energy conversion through electrochemical reactions. 60,61 The development of low-cost, high-performance catalysts is still very crucial to promote the large-scale application of PEMWE.…”

Defect- and oxygen-rich nanocarbon derived from solution plasma for bifunctional catalytic activity of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions

“…Recently, studies on energy storage and conversion devices, including fuel cells, secondary batteries, metal-air batteries, and water electrolysis have been attempted and increased progressively. [1][2][3][4][5] To improve the efficiency of the aforementioned devices, appropriate catalysts are required for applications. In addition, several devices require multiple catalysts for different reactions between the cathode and anode.…”