Structure development in silica‐filled rubber composites

Effects of rubber/filler interactions on deformation behavior of silica filled SBR systems

“…For the DM a clear boundary was recognized between each silica particle and agglomerate. In this case, the bound rubber exists within the agglomerates [28,29]. On the other hand, for the TM, the boundary was obscure.…”

Interaction of La3+ and Ce4+ with polyethylene and polypropylene polymeric matrices

“…The reinforcement of cerium iodate may also be ascribed to an adhesion type of interaction between amorphous particulates of waste and polymer macromolecules. This type of interaction was reported in other systems that use silica‐filled polyisoprene rubber composites23 using NMR studies in combination with SEM for elucidation of their structure; the so‐called bound rubber that corresponds to an adjacent layer of rubber to silica particles is being developed and the principal mechanism of formation of bound rubber was physical adsorption of rubber molecules onto silica particles. As expected, augmentation of both the dose and the waste content as filler has resulted in increasing the level of interaction of the composite which accounts for the lowest value of ε b obtained in the case of using 50 wt % of waste as filler.…”

Preparation of novel fillers, named networked silicas, and their effects of reinforcement on rubber compounds

“…The aggregation pattern of primary particles of silica is important to guarantee its high reinforcing performance, because the physical interaction of rubber molecules and silica particles will be enhanced on highly structured silica. Since the size of primary silica particles ranges from 20 to 50 nm,13, 14 the change in the arrangement of silica particles can be observed only with TEM. The samples were sonicated for 60 min prior to TEM observation.…”