Structure development in silica-filled rubber composites

Ono, Satoko; Kiuchi, Yasutaro; Sawanobori, Junich; Ito, Masayoshi

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199910)48:10<1035::aid-pi265>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further, no trace of bound rubber was found in the composite which was prepared from silicas with low number of N [N < 0.1 (nm −2 )]. High-resolution solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results of silica filled polyisoprene composites reported by Ono et al 10 showed no direct chemical bonding between silanol groups and rubber molecules. These results suggest that the formation of bound rubber is closely related to the development of agglomerate of silica particles in the rubber matrix and that the formation mechanism of bound rubber in the silica filled rubber composite cannot be explained simply by the dispersive component of filler as suggested by Wolff and Wang.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Yatsuyanagi

Suzuki

Ito

et al. 2002

Polym J

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The effects of surface chemistry of silica particles on the mechanical properties were studied for silica filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) systems. The samples were prepared from different kinds of silicas and of silane coupling agents. The breakdown of the agglomerate formed by silica particles was successfully detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations when the strain was applied to silica filled vulcanizates. The degree of breakdown of the agglomerate of silica particles by the strain was more prominent in the larger one of which size was controlled by the number of silanol group per unit surface area of silica particles. The amount of entrapped rubber within the agglomerate seemed to be decreased with the decrease in the agglomerate size. Also, the initial agglomerate size and the change of agglomerate by the strain became small by the introduction of silane coupling agent, such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). At a given degree of vulcanization, the initial modulus of silica filled vulcanizates was governed by the size of agglomerate formed by silica particles and the amount of entrapped rubber phase. On the other hand, at a larger strain, the tensile strength of the filled vulcanizates increased by the introduction of interfacial combination between silica particles and rubber matrix by TESPT. These results indicate that the stress-strain behavior of filled vulcanizate is affected by the agglomerate of the fillers and the interactions between filler and rubber matrix.KEY WORDS Silica / Styrene-Butadiene Rubber / Silane Coupling Agent / Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) / Agglomerate / Mechanical Properties / Silicas have been used as fillers for rubber reinforcement. 1-3 However, the utilization of silica caused two serious problems. One was a bad processability, such as a lower dispersiblity of silica particles in rubber matrix and a high viscosity of silica filled unvulcanizates. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The other one was a poor reinforcement, such as a low tensile strength, low abrasion resistance and so on, in comparison with carbon black filled rubber composites. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The chemical environment of silica particle is quite different from that of carbon black due to the existence of silanol groups in the particles. Thus, the primary discussion on the properties of silica filled rubber composites has been concerned with the interactions between silica particles and the interactions between silica particles and rubber molecules. Wolff and Wang studied the effects of surface energies of fillers on rubber reinforcement, and reported 7 that the surface energies of silica were characterized by a dispersive and specific components. The higher specific component led to the higher viscosity of the rubber composites due to the strong interactions among silica particles. On the other hand, the lower dispersive component caused weak filler-rubber interactions, leading to the lower † To whom correspondence should be addressed. content of bound...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Yatsuyanagi

Suzuki

Ito

et al. 2002

Polym J

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the work of Kralevich and Koening49 van der Waals forces are responsible for the formation of the bound rubber in a nonpolar NR. Ono et al50, 51 also found no evidence for direct coupling between silanol groups and NR molecules at low processing temperature. Choi et al52 examined the SBR/silica interactions by microstructure analysis and revealed that the bound rubber is mainly formed by physisorption of the 1,2‐component of the butadiene units to the silica surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Silica Transfer in Ternary Rubber Blends: Calculation and Experimental Determination

Oßwald

Ilisch

et al. 2011

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel model is presented for predicting the phase selective filler localization in an equilibrium state for ternary rubber blends of SBR, NBR, and NR. It is based on surface tension data of the rubber components and the filler. Phase‐selective filler localization in ternary rubber blends is determined experimentally by means of FTIR spectroscopy on the basis of the wetting concept. It is found that by preparation of ternary blends with certain silica loadings, pre‐mixed in each blend phase using the masterbatch technology, silica transfer processes between blend phases take place until the equilibrium filler distribution is reached. The sequence of the silica transfer processes can be explained by taking into consideration the formation of a phase‐in‐phase morphology of the ternary blend.

show abstract

“…Silica filled vulcanizates also showed three T 2 Јs at 30°C, T 2L , T 2M and T 2S . Although the origin of T 2S has been discussed in some literatures [28][29][30] , the details are still uncertain. We reported that the content of filler-gel in silica filled vulcanizates prepared by mechanical mixing was very small 31,32) .…”

Section: Nmr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Scissions of Rubber Molecules by a Tensile Force in Filled Rubber Systems

Suzuki

Ito

2005

e-J. Soft Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of interfacial interactions between rubber matrix and filler surface on the structural changes of rubber matrix upon a tensile deformation of filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates were studied by ESR and pulsed NMR. The interfacial interactions were controlled by using several kinds of surface modified silicas and carbon blacks. For silica filled systems, the degree of chain scission during tensile deformation of the samples could be evaluated from ESR results. Information on the structural changes of rubber matrix upon a tensile deformation for both carbon black filled and silica filled SBR vulcanizates could be obtained from the results of pulsed NMR. The combination of ESR and NMR results revealed that the degree of chain scission was dependent on the strength of interfacial bondings between filler and rubber molecules and the chain scissions are suggested to occur in the interfacial regions between rubber molecules and fillers.

show abstract

Structure development in silica-filled rubber composites

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Silica Transfer in Ternary Rubber Blends: Calculation and Experimental Determination

Chain Scissions of Rubber Molecules by a Tensile Force in Filled Rubber Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About