“…Position, orientation and conformation (degrees of freedom) of these fragments are then varied to generate`trial' crystal structures, until optimum agreement between calculated and experimental powder diffraction patterns is achieved. In the context of the directspace approach, which is the subject of the present work, a number of different algorithms to explore parameter space have been used: grid search (Reck et al, 1988;Cirujeda et al, 1995;Dinnebier et al, 1995;Hammond et al, 1997), genetic algorithms Kariuki et al, 1997;Harris, Johnston, Kariuki & Tremayne, 1998;Kariuki, Calcagno et al, 1999), and Monte Carlo/simulated annealing (Deem & Newsam, 1989Newsam et al, 1992;Harris et al, 1994;Andreev et al, 1996Andreev et al, , 1997David et al, 1998).…”