Structure-dependent gas transfer performance of 3D-membranes for artificial membrane lungs

Hesselmann, Felix; Scherenberg, Nils; Bongartz, Patrick; Djeljadini, Suzana; Weßling, Matthias; Cornelissen, Christian; Schmitz‐Rode, Thomas; Steinseifer, Ulrich; Jansen, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119371

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Comparing the flow paths in HFM and SWP, the blood flow experiences a cyclic acceleration and deceleration in both structures. 32 SWD and SGY, on the other hand show a lower variance but both mean value and median exceed those of HFM. Presumably, the mixing the near-wall boundary layer manifests itself as an increased pressure drop (Figure 7A) and reduced permeabilities (Figure 7B).…”

Section: Benefit/ Cost Ratiomentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The shortest flow path through the SWD network is much longer and forms a helical streamline. Through SGY, a continuous separation and recombining is responsible for the mixing and consequently the pressure drop as well 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overlap of the fiber layers by 5% of the new fiber diameter allowed printing of the stacked fiber layers as a single part. Identical to our previous work on gas transfer in TPMS, 32 the following parameters remain constant among HFM, SWP, SWD and Gyroid: gas exchange surface area, cross section of inlet and outlet and the minimal membrane distance inside the structure. All parts were printed on an Objet500 Connex3 printer using VeroClear (Stratasys Ltd., Minnesota, United States) with an in-plane resolution of 32 µm and 16 µm layer thickness (samples were oriented as depicted in Figure 1A-D).…”

Section: Design and Manufacturing Of The Test Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…31 Following these initial and promising results, in vitro tests on different TPMS-shaped membrane devices with larger exchange area were performed in compliance with the current standards for oxygenator testing. 32 As a result, the TPMS-based membranes exceed the oxygen transfer capabilities of contemporary hollow fiber design by at least up to 69.8%. The improved gas transfer is attributed to laminar mixing disrupting the laminar boundary layer that reassembles the main diffusional resistance in hollow fiber modules and enhancing the convective gas transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional membranes for artificial lungs: Comparison of flow‐induced hemolysis

et al. 2021

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Background Membranes based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) have proven a superior gas transfer compared to the contemporary hollow fiber membrane (HFM) design in artificial lungs. The improved oxygen transfer is attributed to disrupting the laminar boundary layer adjacent to the membrane surface known as main limiting factor to mass transport. However, it requires experimental proof that this improvement is not at the expense of greater damage to the blood. Hence, the aim of this work is a valid statement regarding the structure‐dependent hemolytic behavior of TPMS structures compared to the current HFM design. Methods Hemolysis tests were performed on structure samples of three different kind of TPMS‐based designs (Schwarz‐P, Schwarz‐D and Schoen’s Gyroid) in direct comparison to a hollow fiber structure as reference. Results The results of this study suggest that the difference in hemolysis between TPMS membranes compared to HFMs is small although slightly increased for the TPMS membranes. There is no significant difference between the TPMS structures and the hollow fiber design. Nevertheless, the ratio between the achieved additional oxygen transfer and the additional hemolysis favors the TPMS‐based membrane shapes. Conclusion TPMS‐shaped membranes offer a safe way to improve gas transfer in artificial lungs.

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Section: Benefit/ Cost Ratiomentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Manufacturing Of The Test Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional membranes for artificial lungs: Comparison of flow‐induced hemolysis

et al. 2021

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“…Initial investigations into the heat and mass transfer properties of TPMS-based microfluidic modules showed significant improvement over traditional membrane geometries 26 – 28 . Also, for blood-gas exchangers, a higher gas transfer rate compared to a state-of-the-art hollow fiber membrane design was shown experimentally 29 . Aside from their high inter-connectivity and stability, TPMS also can be used to create lattices with porosity gradients 30 – 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

TPMS-based membrane lung with locally-modified permeabilities for optimal flow distribution

Hesselmann

Halwes

Bongartz

et al. 2022

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Membrane lungs consist of thousands of hollow fiber membranes packed together as a bundle. The devices often suffer from complications because of non-uniform flow through the membrane bundle, including regions of both excessively high flow and stagnant flow. Here, we present a proof-of-concept design for a membrane lung containing a membrane module based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). By warping the original TPMS geometries, the local permeability within any region of the module could be raised or lowered, allowing for the tailoring of the blood flow distribution through the device. By creating an iterative optimization scheme for determining the distribution of streamwise permeability inside a computational porous domain, the desired form of a lattice of TPMS elements was determined via simulation. This desired form was translated into a computer-aided design (CAD) model for a prototype device. The device was then produced via additive manufacturing in order to test the novel design against an industry-standard predicate device. Flow distribution was verifiably homogenized and residence time reduced, promising a more efficient performance and increased resistance to thrombosis. This work shows the promising extent to which TPMS can serve as a new building block for exchange processes in medical devices.

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Additive Manufacturing of Intertwined Electrode Pairs ‐ Guided Mass Transport with Gyroids

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical flow reactors facilitate the storage of renewable energies and the carbon‐neutral production of platform chemicals. To maximize the reactor efficiency, unhindered mass transport in the flow channel and high surface electrodes is required. However, state‐of‐the‐art reactors are limited by the conventional parallel plate designs. Herein, 3D intertwined electrode pairs are presented, based on triply periodic minimal surfaces that facilitate mass transport and provide high surface areas. Three gyroid designs with outer dimensions of 20 × 40 × 70 mm are manufactured from stainless steel via selective laser melting and implemented into a conventional flow cell. By design, the electrodes are rendered porous through the targeted control of the energy density during fabrication. Mass transport characterization by use of the fast ferri‐/ferrocyanide redox reaction demonstrates that smaller unit cells and thus shorter interelectrode distances achieve significantly increased current densities. Moreover, the addition of convective channels formed by second‐level gyroid structures removes diffusion boundary layers by promoting convective flow in electrode vicinity. The convective flow enhancement of the microscale channels even surpasses the effect of the unit cell size reduction, demonstrating importance of mass transport control. The integrated electrode design holds great potential for efficient next‐generation electrochemical flow reactors.

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Structure-dependent gas transfer performance of 3D-membranes for artificial membrane lungs

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Three‐dimensional membranes for artificial lungs: Comparison of flow‐induced hemolysis

Three‐dimensional membranes for artificial lungs: Comparison of flow‐induced hemolysis

TPMS-based membrane lung with locally-modified permeabilities for optimal flow distribution

Additive Manufacturing of Intertwined Electrode Pairs ‐ Guided Mass Transport with Gyroids

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