Structure-dependent degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by electrocatalytic wet air oxidation: A study by computational and experimental approaches
“…This result can be explained by the higher concentration of dissolved ozone microbubbles in the APO system compared with that in the FO system, as ozone solubility is proportional to the k value. In other words, the greater the ozone solubility, the greater the value of k [ 20 ]. Figure 4 The kinetics of ciprofloxacin degradation by ozonated microbubbles generated through the APO system (black square) and in the FO system (red circle).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mineralization of CIP by ozonation tends to be lower than that of pseudo persistent organic pollutants having only aromatic rings and oxygenated groups [ 20 ]. In this sense, the initial concentration of OC in both the APO and FO systems was measured to be 346.7 ppm.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This result can be explained by the higher concentration of dissolved ozone microbubbles in the APO system compared with that in the FO system, as ozone solubility is proportional to the k value. In other words, the greater the ozone solubility, the greater the value of k [20].…”
Section: Ciprofloxacin Degradationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biological treatment is the conventional method used to remove antibiotics in general in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, this method is inefficient at removing antibiotics based on fused aromatic rings, such as CIP [ 2 , 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, some studies have reported that WWTPs cannot remove recalcitrant organic compounds (ROCs).…”
“…This result can be explained by the higher concentration of dissolved ozone microbubbles in the APO system compared with that in the FO system, as ozone solubility is proportional to the k value. In other words, the greater the ozone solubility, the greater the value of k [ 20 ]. Figure 4 The kinetics of ciprofloxacin degradation by ozonated microbubbles generated through the APO system (black square) and in the FO system (red circle).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mineralization of CIP by ozonation tends to be lower than that of pseudo persistent organic pollutants having only aromatic rings and oxygenated groups [ 20 ]. In this sense, the initial concentration of OC in both the APO and FO systems was measured to be 346.7 ppm.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This result can be explained by the higher concentration of dissolved ozone microbubbles in the APO system compared with that in the FO system, as ozone solubility is proportional to the k value. In other words, the greater the ozone solubility, the greater the value of k [20].…”
Section: Ciprofloxacin Degradationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biological treatment is the conventional method used to remove antibiotics in general in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, this method is inefficient at removing antibiotics based on fused aromatic rings, such as CIP [ 2 , 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, some studies have reported that WWTPs cannot remove recalcitrant organic compounds (ROCs).…”
“…The current wastewater treatment method at the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) uses conventional biological and adsorption methods. However, biological method is not efficient in removing fused aromatic ring antibiotics, such as CIP [9]. Meanwhile, the absorption method [10] is only to absorb and transfer pollution to other forms of pollution in absorbent solid waste.…”
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic liquid waste is the most common waste found in hospital discharge waters. The accumulation of CIP can increase mutation, microbial resistance, and toxicity in the environment due to its low biodegradability and longevity in waters. Thus, methods for eliminating CIP are important. The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method with ferrate (VI) has good redox potential in water disinfection, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore, this study aims to degrade CIP waste with ferrate (VI). The ferrate (VI) used was synthesized from the electrolysis of transformer scrap metal plates under extremely alkaline conditions. The success of the synthesis was proven by the presence of FeO(OH) groups characterized using FTIR, XRF, and XRD. Then, the effect of time, pH, and CIP degradation was studied. The results showed that the maximum performance was obtained at pH 7 and 120 min with the addition of 1.1 mg ferrate at initial CIP concentration of 30 mg/L. The concentration of CIP decreased with increasing treatment time which was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. This condition is able to degrade 86.7 % of CIP. In addition, the LC-MS results show that degradation occurs due to a reaction between HFeO4-/H2FeO4 and the active site of piperazine ring antibiotics. This shows that Ferrate has a promising potential to reduce ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollution from hospital wastewater for a better environment.
HIGHLIGHTS
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic liquid waste is the most common waste found in hospital discharge waters. It can cause mutation, microbial resistance, and toxicity in the environment due to its low biodegradability and longevity in waters
The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method with ferrate (VI) has good redox potential in water disinfection, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants including antibiotic liquid waste
Ferrate was able to degrade 86.7 % of ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollution from hospital wastewater through a reaction between HFeO4-/H2FeO4 and the active site of piperazine ring antibiotics
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Wastewater is major source of contaminants originating from the production, usage, and disposal of plastic materials. Due to their poor biodegradability of these contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants, additional advanced oxidation processes such as electrochemical treatments have been developed to improve the standard biological treatment. Here we review the applications of electrochemical treatments of wastewater for the removal of the following plastic contaminants: bisphenol A, phthalic acid esters, and benzotriazoles. We present the effectiveness of treatment in terms of contaminant removal and mineralization; the identification of transformation products; toxicity assessment; and process energy requirements. In the present review, we have focused on the applications of electrochemical treatments of wastewater for the removal of three important groups of contaminants originating mainly from plastics: bisphenol A, phthalic acid esters, and benzotriazoles. The review focuses on the research of electrochemical treatments for these contaminants from the last five years. The papers are assessed from the point of i) effectiveness of treatment in terms of contaminant removal and mineralization; ii) identification of transformation products; iii) toxicity assessment; iv) processes’ energy requirements. Electrochemical treatments were confirmed to be a viable option for the removal of selected contaminants from wastewater.
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