Structure, composition, and vibrational spectra of carbonate-hydroxylapatite

Klubovich, V. V.; Khamchukov, Yu. D.; Bobrovskii, V. V.; Egorov, V. A.; Shashkov, S. N.

doi:10.1007/bf02606418

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“…Since 1979, hydroxyapatite has been the most frequently identified constituent in salivary calculi, in association with whitlockite (calcium magnesium phosphate hydrate), octocalcium phosphate or brushite (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate). [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Physical techniques -other than infrared spectroscopy -such as X-ray micro-diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were applied to the analyses of sialolith cores, with the aim to discover the structures and chemical compositions of micronuclei which may be considered as initiators. 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The aim of this present study was to explore the different phases of sialolithiasis, to define the real composition of apatites and organic matter using mid-infrared spectrometry, and to try to answer the following question: is hydroxyapatite, the exclusive or the major constituent of sialoliths, in association with proteins and/or mucins?…”

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confidence: 99%

Analytical investigation of salivary calculi, by mid-infrared spectroscopy

Sabot

Gustin

Delahougue

et al. 2012

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Sialolithiasis is common in salivary glands, especially in the submandibular and parotid ducts. X-Ray diffractometry was the principal technique used for their analysis, sometimes associated with scanning electron microscopy. Hydroxyapatite was the most frequently described constituent, in association with whitlockite and other calcium phosphates as brushite or octocalcium phosphate. Proteic matter was detected, as mucoproteins, albumin, nucleoproteins or as degenerative bacterial matter. This study presents the identification of constituents by mid-infrared spectrometry of 74 sialoliths. Their successive layers are analyzed from their crust to the nucleus, using absorbance measurements. Spectra are compared with reference mixtures of two or more constituents. Approximately 99% of sialoliths are constituted of calcium phosphates, under carbonated forms. More than three-quarters contain proteins, in which mucins represent the majority and albumin is found in 10% of all the specimens. Only 7% calculi are an association of two constituents, 66% are made of three and 27% have four or more components. For the 74 studied sialoliths, no specimen contains hydroxyapatite; but they are composed of carbonate apatites with irregular microcrystallized forms, even if proteins are present. Some of them have a pure protein nucleus, surrounded by carbonate apatite layers; the other stones are made of internal layers of apatites and covered with a dense and varnished crust of proteins.

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