Structure, composition and properties of naturally occurring non-calcified crustacean cuticle

Cribb, Bronwen W.; Rathmell, A.; Charters, R.; Rasch, Ron; Huang, Han; Tibbetts, Ian R.

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2008.11.002

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although the bromide concentrations in whole copepods and rotifers are unknown, we speculate that copepods have relatively high levels of bromide reflecting the high levels found in other marine organisms, and this bromide helps prevent I toxicity in fish larvae. In the marine ecosystem, bromine is naturally found at similar high concentrations as I in seaweed (Romaris-Hortas, Moreda-Pineiro & Bermejo-Barrera, 2009), adult fish (Arafa et al, 2000; Wan et al, 2010), and as part of the hard chitin structures of crustaceans such as crabs (Cribb et al, 2009; Schofield et al, 2009) and copepods (Perry, Grime & Watt, 1988). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutrition and toxicity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Penglase

Harboe

Sæle³

et al. 2013

PeerJ

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Copepods as feed promote better growth and development in marine fish larvae than rotifers. However, unlike rotifers, copepods contain several minerals such as iodine (I), at potentially toxic levels. Iodine is an essential trace element and both under and over supply of I can inhibit the production of the I containing thyroid hormones. It is unknown whether marine fish larvae require copepod levels of I or if mechanisms are present that prevent I toxicity. In this study, larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were fed rotifers enriched to intermediate (26 mg I kg-1 dry weight; MI group) or copepod (129 mg I kg-1 DW; HI group) I levels and compared to cod larvae fed control rotifers (0.6 mg I kg-1 DW). Larval I concentrations were increased by 3 (MI) and 7 (HI) fold compared to controls during the rotifer feeding period. No differences in growth were observed, but the HI diet increased thyroid follicle colloid to epithelium ratios, and affected the essential element concentrations of larvae compared to the other groups. The thyroid follicle morphology in the HI larvae is typical of colloid goitre, a condition resulting from excessive I intake, even though whole body I levels were below those found previously in copepod fed cod larvae. This is the first observation of dietary induced I toxicity in fish, and suggests I toxicity may be determined to a greater extent by bioavailability and nutrient interactions than by total body I concentrations in fish larvae. Rotifers with 0.6 mg I kg-1 DW appeared sufficient to prevent gross signs of I deficiency in cod larvae reared with continuous water exchange, while modelling of cod larvae versus rotifer I levels suggests that optimum I levels in rotifers for cod larvae is 3.5 mg I kg-1 DW.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutrition and toxicity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Penglase

Harboe

Sæle³

et al. 2013

PeerJ

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“…Additionally, in many marine organisms (e.g. sea urchins, corals and crabs) other minerals such as magnesium and bromine are incorporated into CaCO 3 crystal structures to improve the mechanical strength [72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Biomineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some crabs, such as stone crabs, the claw tips are darkly pigmented and even harder and tougher than nonpigmented areas, possibly due to the increased cross-linking associated with tanning and reduced porosity [146]. Other crabs, such as shore crabs, enhance their claws by adding bromine rich tips that can afford an order of magnitude increase in fracture resistance compared to calcified tips [74,75].…”

Section: Crustacean Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Unfortunately, there is only limited information on the precise distributions of these elements in different parts of the arachnid body (e.g., prey capture appendages), making inferences about their specific functions (e.g., increased hardness to resist wear; Cribb et al. ; Fabritius et al. ) difficult to appreciate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Elemental characterization of the cuticle in the marine intertidal pseudoscorpion, Halobisium occidentale

Gallant

Hochberg

Ada

2016

Invertebrate Biology

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Arthropods are well known to biomineralize and metallize their exoskeletons with naturally occurring elements that function to stabilize the protein component and add hardness to surfaces that endure wear. In this study, we provide the first description of the trace elements in the cuticle of a marine intertidal pseudoscorpion, Halobisium occidentale, using energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. We characterized the trace element composition of six regions on four specimens: the prosoma, opisthosoma, tarsal claws, arolia, chelicerae, and pedipalps. In addition to the elements C, O, and N that make up the α‐chitin component of the cuticle, we found 11 trace elements across the body, but only five of these elements were present at significant levels (≥1% wt): Ni, P, Al, Zn, and Fe. The only trace element on both tagmata is P, while the appendages and their structures contain varying amounts of other elements. The tarsal claws are supplemented with Zn and Ni, while the adhesive arolia contain either Ni or P. The pedipalps are enriched with Al along their proximodistal axis, with P, Zn, and Fe present only around the venom pore. The chelicerae have P, Zn, and Fe present only on the distal regions. This study confirms that pseudoscorpions, like many other arthropods, enrich their cuticle with specific elements at precise locations that are important in predation (cheliceral fingers, pedipalps, venom pore) and locomotion (tarsal claws, arolia). This is also the first study to reveal the presence of Al and Ni in any significant quantities in the arthropod exoskeleton.

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Structure, composition and properties of naturally occurring non-calcified crustacean cuticle

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Iodine nutrition and toxicity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Iodine nutrition and toxicity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Elemental characterization of the cuticle in the marine intertidal pseudoscorpion, Halobisium occidentale

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