Structure, Classification and Modification of Polysaccharides

Guo, Qingbin; Liu, Yan; Cui, Shumao

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00094-8

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…As galactose in nature is usually linked to other molecules through β-1,3, β-1,4, or β-1,6 glycosidic bonds [15], β-galactosidases can also be classified as β-1,3-galactosidase, β-1,4-galactosidase and β-1,6-galactosidase based on their recognition of glycosidic bonds. As a rule of thumb, β-1,4-galactosidases are the most commonly found in nature, and only a few enzymes capable of specifically hydrolyzing β-1,3 or β-1,6-linkage of the nonreducing end galactosyl residue have been identified [12,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Insights into a Novel Family 2 Glycoside Hydrolase with Both β-1,3-Galactosidase and β-1,4-Galactosidase Activity from the Arctic

Li,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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A novel GH2 (glycoside hydrolase family 2) β-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20584 was successfully expressed in E. coli with a stable soluble form. The recombinant enzyme (rMaBGA) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and characterized extensively. The specific activity of purified rMaBGA was determined as 96.827 U mg−1 at 30 °C using ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature of rMaBGA was measured as 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The activity of rMaBGA was significantly enhanced by some divalent cations including Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+, but inhibited by EDTA, suggesting that some divalent cations might play important roles in the catalytic process of rMaBGA. Although the enzyme was derived from a cold-adapted strain, it still showed considerable stability against various physical and chemical elements. Moreover, rMaBGA exhibited activity both toward Galβ-(1,3)-GlcNAc and Galβ-(1,4)-GlcNAc, which is a relatively rare occurrence in GH2 β-galactosidase. The results showed that two domains in the C-terminal region might be contributed to the β-1,3-galactosidase activity of rMaBGA. On account of its fine features, this enzyme is a promising candidate for the industrial application of β-galactosidase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Insights into a Novel Family 2 Glycoside Hydrolase with Both β-1,3-Galactosidase and β-1,4-Galactosidase Activity from the Arctic

Li,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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“…Acetylation modification has become one of the common methods of polysaccharides chemical structure modification due to its advantages of fast reaction speed, mild reaction, and high yield [ 5 ]. Previous studies by Xie et al and Hitri et al showed that acetylated polysaccharides have strong biological activities, because acetyl groups can improve the molecular chain extension, molecular weight, and conformational properties of polysaccharides, resulting in the exposure of polysaccharide hydroxyl groups and affecting their biological activity [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Thus, acetyl modification is considered an ideal solution to improving the biological activity of RDPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylation Modification, Characterization, and Anticomplementary Activity of Polysaccharides from Rhododendron dauricum Leaves

Sun

Jin

et al. 2022

Polymers

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This study focuses on the acetylation modification of polysaccharides from Rhododendron dauricum leaves (RDPs) with a high degree of substitution (DS) and then discusses their characterization and biological activity. The optimum acetylation conditions of RDPs were optimized by response surface methodology, which were reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 50 °C, and the liquid-solid ratio 16 mL/g. Under the optima schemes, two eco-friendly acetylated polysaccharides from R. dauricum leaves (AcRDP-1 with DS of 0.439 ± 0.025 and AcRDP-2 with DS of 0.445 ± 0.022) were prepared. The results of structural characterization showed that the AcRDP-1 (9.3525 × 103 kDa) and AcRDP-2 (4.7016 × 103 kDa) were composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with molar ratios of 1.00:5.01:1.17:0.15 and 1.00:4.47:2.39:0.88, respectively. Compared with unmodified polysaccharides, the arabinose content and molecular weight of the two acetylated polysaccharides decreased, and their triple helix conformation disappeared, and further improved their anticomplementary activity. The two acetylated polysaccharides showed stronger a complement inhibition effect than the positive drug by blocking C2, C3, C4, C5, C9, and factor B targets in the classical and alternative pathways. This research indicated that acetylation modification could effectively enhance the anticomplementary activity of RDPs, which is beneficial for the development and utilization of R. dauricum leaves.

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“…However, many proteins need special and careful handling, which can be quite tricky while developing the packaging materials. On the other hand, most of the polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan, alginate, starch, cellulose, and pectin) can be easily processed to develop films [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications

et al. 2021

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The article presents a review of the literature on the use of polysaccharide bionanocomposites in the context of their potential use as food packaging materials. Composites of this type consist of at least two phases, of which the outer phase is a polysaccharide, and the inner phase (dispersed phase) is an enhancing agent with a particle size of 1–100 nm in at least one dimension. The literature review was carried out using data from the Web of Science database using VosViewer, free software for scientometric analysis. Source analysis concluded that polysaccharides such as chitosan, cellulose, and starch are widely used in food packaging applications, as are reinforcing agents such as silver nanoparticles and cellulose nanostructures (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals and nanocellulose). The addition of reinforcing agents improves the thermal and mechanical stability of the polysaccharide films and nanocomposites. Here we highlighted the nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles, which exhibited antimicrobial properties. Finally, it can be concluded that polysaccharide-based nanocomposites have sufficient properties to be tested as food packaging materials in a wide spectrum of applications.

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Structure, Classification and Modification of Polysaccharides

Cited by 5 publications

References 88 publications

Biochemical Insights into a Novel Family 2 Glycoside Hydrolase with Both β-1,3-Galactosidase and β-1,4-Galactosidase Activity from the Arctic

Biochemical Insights into a Novel Family 2 Glycoside Hydrolase with Both β-1,3-Galactosidase and β-1,4-Galactosidase Activity from the Arctic

Acetylation Modification, Characterization, and Anticomplementary Activity of Polysaccharides from Rhododendron dauricum Leaves

Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications

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