Structure Characterization in the Science and Technology of Elastomers

Roland, C. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-012464786-2/50006-7

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…The cure curve is also used in the rubber industry to determine the optimum cure time for any compound at a specific temperature. The time required to reach 90% of maximum torque is considered the optimum cure time (t_90) [5,31,32]. It can be inferred from Figure 4b, showing the cure The presence of crosslinks in thermoset elastomers is the principal difference between a thermoplastic and thermoset material.…”

Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is achieved by measuring the torque needed to deform a rubber sample over time, generating a 'cure curve' [31]. Within the industry, torque values are broadly correlated with viscosity [32]. For this discussion, subsequent references to FKM compound viscosities will be in relation to Figure 4a Last, the maximum torque value of a compound in a cure curve is usually used as an indication of the rubber compound's modulus in the rubber industry [32].…”

Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the industry, torque values are broadly correlated with viscosity [32]. For this discussion, subsequent references to FKM compound viscosities will be in relation to Figure 4a Last, the maximum torque value of a compound in a cure curve is usually used as an indication of the rubber compound's modulus in the rubber industry [32]. Figure 4b shows that the FKM compound with the plasticizer had a lower maximum torque value than the compound without the plasticizer.…”

Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Formulation to Application: Effects of Plasticizer on the Printability of Fluoro Elastomer Compounds and Additive Manufacturing of Specialized Seals

Periyasamy,

Mubasshir,

Kodra

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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This work investigated material extrusion additive manufacturing (MatEx AM) of specialized fluoroelastomer (FKM) compounds for applications in rubber seals and gaskets. The influence of a commercially available perfluoropolyether (PFPE) plasticizer on the printability of a control FKM rubber compound was studied using a custom-designed ram material extruder, Additive Ram Material Extruder (ARME), for printing fully compounded thermoset elastomers. The plasticizer’s effectiveness was assessed based on its ability to address challenges such as high compound viscosity and post-print shrinkage, as well as its impact on interlayer adhesion. The addition of the PFPE plasticizer significantly reduced the FKM compound’s viscosity (by 70%) and post-print shrinkage (by 65%). While the addition of the plasticizer decreased the tensile strength of the control compound, specimens printed with the plasticized FKM retained 34% of the tensile strength of compression-molded samples, compared to only 23% for the unplasticized compound. Finally, the feasibility of seals and gaskets manufacturing using both conventional and unconventional additive manufacturing (AM) approaches was explored. A hybrid method combining AM and soft tooling for compression molding emerged as the optimal method for seal and gasket fabrication.

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Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rheology and Cure Behavior Of Fkm Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Formulation to Application: Effects of Plasticizer on the Printability of Fluoro Elastomer Compounds and Additive Manufacturing of Specialized Seals

Periyasamy,

Mubasshir,

Kodra

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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“…When materials are not chemically crosslinked, they tend to lack an adequate compression set and heat resistance for many applications. To provide better performance, the use of a compounded elastomer (i.e., a curable elastomer composition for vulcanization including a curable polymer, one or more fillers, and a cure system) would be preferable [14][15][16]. As such materials are processed, they form a network structure in the crosslinked rubber system that can negatively impact the ability to fabricate objects using layered FDM technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Low-Temperature Extrusion Method for the Fused Filament Fabrication of Fluoroelastomer Compounds

Periyasamy,

Campbell,

Mead

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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In this work, an additive manufacturing process for extruding fully compounded thermosetting elastomers based on fluorine-containing polymer compositions is reported. Additive manufacturing printers are designed with a dry ice container to precool filaments made from curable fluoroelastomer (FKM) and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) compounds. A support tube guides the stiffened filament towards the printer nozzle. This support tube extends near the inlet to a printer nozzle. This approach allows low-modulus, uncured rubber filaments to be printed without buckling, a phenomenon common when 3D printing low-modulus elastomers via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. Modeling studies using thermal analyses data from a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) are used to calculate the Young’s modulus and buckling force, which helps us to select the appropriate applied pressure and the nozzle size for printing. Using this additive manufacturing (AM) method, the successful printing of FKM and FFKM compounds is demonstrated. This process can be used for the future manufacturing of seals or other parts from fluorine-containing polymers.

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“…The rubber produced from latex contains, besides the hydrocarbon chains (~93.7%), relatively small quantities of protein (~2.2%), carbohydrates (~0.4%), natural lipids (~2.4%), glycolipids and phospholipids (~1.0%), inorganic materials (~0.2%), other compounds (~0.1%). Among such compounds, the most important are the natural antioxidants that are the proteins [5][6][7] . The molar masses of rubber molecules range from 50,000 to 3,000,000 g/mol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

Fainleib

Pires²,

Lucas³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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In the current scenario, there is growing interest in the products of degradation of rubber (natural and synthetic) for specific applications in different industry sectors, whose benefits in replacing conventionally used products are mainly related to sustainability. Since the degradation products of rubber can be used in different areas, several research groups may have the interest aroused by these products, but are not familiar with the aspects related to the chemical behavior of rubber. This review aims to bring together the key information in the published literature on the degradation of natural rubber, emphasizing metatheses reactions, oxidative damage and splitting of the double bond, in order to serve as a reference source for researchers from different fields interested in obtaining such kind of products. The structures and properties as well as additional chemical transformations resulting in oligomers of isoprene, functionalised oligomers and polymers based on both are also described.

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Structure Characterization in the Science and Technology of Elastomers

Cited by 7 publications

References 284 publications

From Formulation to Application: Effects of Plasticizer on the Printability of Fluoro Elastomer Compounds and Additive Manufacturing of Specialized Seals

From Formulation to Application: Effects of Plasticizer on the Printability of Fluoro Elastomer Compounds and Additive Manufacturing of Specialized Seals

A Novel Low-Temperature Extrusion Method for the Fused Filament Fabrication of Fluoroelastomer Compounds

Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

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