Structure Characterization and Otoprotective Effects of a New Endophytic Exopolysaccharide from Saffron

Li, Juan; Wu, Guimei; Qin, Cuiying; Chen, Wuhai; Chen, Gang; Wen, Li

doi:10.3390/molecules24040749

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Additionally, chemical shift patterns of 1 H and 13 C indicate that glucose and xylose exist in both α- and β-configurations as independent repeating units. The observed proton chemical shifts of monosaccharide residues of VITP14 EPS are consistent with the EPS reported in the literature [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. The α-configuration of residues A and B and the β-configuration of residues C , D , D′, and E were confirmed based on the chemical shifts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Andrew

Jayaraman

2022

Polymers

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The use of natural polysaccharides as biomaterials is gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their inherent biocompatibility. In this direction, the present study aims to explore the structure and biocompatibility of the EPS produced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. This marine bacterium produces 17.3 g/L of EPS at 96 h of fermentation. The EPS was purified using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatographic methods. The porous web-like structure and elemental composition (C, O, Na, Mg, P, S) of the EPS were inferred from SEM and EDX analysis. AFM analysis revealed spike-like lumps with a surface roughness of 84.85 nm. The zeta potential value of −10 mV indicates the anionic nature of the EPS. Initial molecular characterization showed that the EPS is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose (25.8%), ribose (18.6%), fructose (31.5%), and xylose (24%), which are the monosaccharide units in the HPLC analysis. The FTIR spectrum indicates the presence of functional groups/bonds typical of EPSs (O-H, C-H, C-O-H, C-O, S=O, and P=O). The polymer has an average molecular weight of 555 kDa. Further, NMR analysis revealed the monomer composition, the existence of two α- and six β-glycosidic linkages, and the branched repeating unit as → 1)[α-D-Xylp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 5)]-β-D-Frup-(2 → 2)[β-D-Xylp-(1 → 4)]-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → 4)-β-D-Ribp-(1 →. The EPS is thermally stable till 251.4 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the semicrystalline (54.2%) nature of the EPS. Further, the EPS exhibits significant water solubility (76.5%), water-holding capacity (266.8%), emulsifying index (66.8%), hemocompatibility (erythrocyte protection > 87%), and cytocompatibility (cell viability > 80% on RAW264.7 and keratinocyte HaCaT cells) at higher concentrations and prolongs coagulation time in APTT and PT tests. Our research unveils the significant biocompatibility of VITP14 EPS for synthesizing a variety of biomaterials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Andrew

Jayaraman

2022

Polymers

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“…Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay as described previously. 63 HEI-OC1 cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates and cultured overnight. The conjugates were dissolved in DMSO.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM, supplemented with 10% FBS at 33 °C, in a humidified incubator with 10% CO 2 . Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay as described previously . HEI-OC1 cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates and cultured overnight.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dexamethasone–Salvianolic Acid B Conjugates and Nanodrug Delivery against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss

Sun

Peng

et al. 2021

J. Med. Chem.

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Cisplatin (CDDP) is an extensively used chemotherapeutic agent but has a high incidence of severe ototoxicity. Although a few molecules have entered clinical trials, none have been approved to prevent or treat CDDP-induced hearing loss by the Food and Drug Administration. In this study, an amphiphilic drug–drug conjugate was synthesized by covalently linking dexamethasone (DEX) and salvianolic acid B (SAL) through an ester or amide bond. The conjugates could self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) with ultrahigh drug loading capacity and favorable stability. Compared with DEX, SAL, or their physical mixture at the same concentrations, both conjugates and NPs showed enhanced otoprotection in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the conjugates and NPs almost completely restored hearing in a guinea pig model with good biocompatibility. Immunohistochemical analyses suggested that conjugates and NPs activated the glucocorticoid receptor, which may work as one of the major mechanisms for their protective effects.

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“…Recently, several active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine have shown promising otoprotective effects against SHL and tinnitus ( Zhai et al, 2013 ; Fetoni et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Di et al, 2020 ). Tetrandrine (TET) ( Figure 1A ) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the roots of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore of the Menispermaceae family ( Bhagya and Chandrashekar, 2016 ; Luan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrandrine Prevents Neomycin-Induced Ototoxicity by Promoting Steroid Biosynthesis

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of serious acute infections, life-threatening sepsis, and tuberculosis, but all aminoglycosides cause side effects, especially irreversible ototoxicity. The mechanisms underlying the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides need further investigation, and there are no effective drugs in the clinic. Here we showed that tetrandrine (TET), a bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephania tetrandra, ameliorated neomycin-induced cochlear hair cell injury. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments we found that TET administration significantly improved auditory function and reduced hair cell damage after neomycin exposure. In addition, we observed that TET could significantly decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in hair cells after neomycin exposure. Finally, RNA-seq analysis suggested that TET protected against neomycin-induced ototoxicity mainly by promoting steroid biosynthesis. Collectively, our results provide pharmacological evidence showing that TET may be a promising agent in preventing aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity.

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Structure Characterization and Otoprotective Effects of a New Endophytic Exopolysaccharide from Saffron

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dexamethasone–Salvianolic Acid B Conjugates and Nanodrug Delivery against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss

Tetrandrine Prevents Neomycin-Induced Ototoxicity by Promoting Steroid Biosynthesis

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