Structure-aware error-diffusion approach using entropy-constrained threshold modulation

Liu, Lingyue; Wei, Chen; Zheng, Wenting; Wang, Geng

doi:10.1007/s00371-013-0895-0

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It means that each 8-bit pixel is shown by 1 bit. Thus far, there are many methods for calculating the half-tone image, which are divided into two groups: errordiffusion [17][18][19] and dither [20][21]. The halftone image processed by the error diffusion method has different pixel distribution and irregularity, rich tones and good visual effects.…”

Section: 21watermark Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-capacity and Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm

Liu¹,

Li²,

Qing-Lei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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With the development of internet, digital media can be manipulated, reproduced, and distributed conveniently over networks. However, illegal copy, transmission and distribution of digital media become an important security issue. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity and robustness method based on discrete wavelet transforms(DWT) and optimal discrete cosine transforms(DCT). We present two approaches, they are: DWT-ODCT(high-capacity and robust image watermarking algorithm based on DWT and optimal DCT), and(P-DWT-ODCT) high-capacity and robust image watermarking algorithm based on DWT and optimal DCT by watermark preprocessing. The watermark image is preprocessed by halftone and quad tree techniques, and the position information about the content is extracted as the actual embedded value. The cover image is transformed by DWT and optimal DCT, which provides high imperceptibility and the least image distortion. Watermark bits are not directly inserted into the frequency coefficient, but embedded by modifying the coefficient according to some rules. With this method, regardless of the approach used, our study are higher capacity and robustness than the existing schemes. The watermark extraction produces high image quality after a variety of attacks.

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Section: 21watermark Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-capacity and Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm

Liu¹,

Li²,

Qing-Lei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…When secret information was scanned in our study, it was converted to embeddable bits by halftone and quadtree techniques. The halftone method was divided into the error-diffusion [28][29][30] and dither types [31,32]. The halftone image generated by the dither method usually contains an artificial periodic texture; thus, we used the error-diffusion method in our study.…”

Section: S-boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel LSB Matching Algorithm Based on Information Pre-Processing

2021

Mathematics

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This paper analyzes random bits and scanned documents, two forms of secret data. The secret data were pre-processed by halftone, quadtree, and S-Box transformations, and the size of the scanned document was reduced by 8.11 times. A novel LSB matching algorithm with low distortion was proposed for the embedding step. The golden ratio was firstly applied to find the optimal embedding position and was used to design the matching function. Both theory and experiment have demonstrated that our study presented a good trade-off between high capacity and low distortion and is superior to other related schemes.

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“…Therefore, it is possible to embed the scanned document in host image, but the number of bits in scanned documents is very high that make it impossible by conventional steganography. There are various methods to calculate the halftone image from the document image, which are divided into two group including the error-diffusion based [22][23][24] and dither based methods [25,26]. Both halftone methods, by considering the correlation between proximate pixels, decide to convert each pixel (ranged from 0 to 255) to 0 or 1.…”

Section: Preprocessing Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both halftone methods, by considering the correlation between proximate pixels, decide to convert each pixel (ranged from 0 to 255) to 0 or 1. In the present study, the proposed method of [22] was used to calculate the halftone image. In order to convert the halftone image to approximate image of the original gray-level image, there are different inverse halftone calculation methods, which aim to retrieve the original image more realistic [27,28].…”

Section: Preprocessing Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Capacity Image Data Hiding of Scanned Text Documents Using Improved Quadtree

Soleymani¹,

Taherinia²

2018

Preprint

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In this paper, an effective method was introduced to steganography of text document in the host image. In the available steganography methods, the message has a random form. Therefore, the embedding capacity is generally low. In the proposed method, the main underlying idea was the sparse property of scanned documents. The scanned documents were converted from gray-level form to binary values by halftoning idea and then the information-included parts were extracted using the improved quadtree and separated from document context. Next, in order to compress the extracted parts, an algorithm was proposed based on reading the binary string bits, ignoring the zero behind the number, and converting them to decimal values. Embedding capacity of the proposed method is higher than that of other available methods with a random-based message. Therefore, the proposed method can be used in the secure and intangible transfer of text documents in the host image.

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Structure-aware error-diffusion approach using entropy-constrained threshold modulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

High-capacity and Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm

High-capacity and Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm

A Novel LSB Matching Algorithm Based on Information Pre-Processing

High Capacity Image Data Hiding of Scanned Text Documents Using Improved Quadtree

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