Structure and ultrastructure of Pinus canariensis needles

Jiménez, María Soledad; Zellnig, Günther; Stabentheiner, Edith; Peters, J.; Morales, D.; Grill, D.

doi:10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30975-1

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Xerophytic adaptations of this species include not only very deep roots, but also a tight regulation of transpirational water loss. Needles of Canarian pine have typical xeromorphic traits with stomata deeply inserted below the epidermal layer (Jiménez et al 2000). In particular the stomata are of an unusual type with an enlarged prestomatal cavity, as recently demonstrated in a three dimensional image analysis study (Zellnig et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Effects of drought on needle anatomy of Pinus canariensis

Grill

Tausz

Pöllinger

et al. 2004

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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SummaryThe needles of Pinus canariensis exhibit morphological drought adaptations, such as special stomata morphology or rigid sclerenchymatic hypodermis. In the present paper the hypothesis that drought exposure during needle elongation triggers formation of xeromorphic traits was tested. With onset of the elongation growth of the new flush, 5-year old P. canariensis seedlings were exposed to 53 days of reduced water supply under controlled climate chamber conditions. The treatment resulted in a decrease of needle water potentials from -1.5 MPa to -4 MPa in drought stressed plants, whereas no change was observed in water potentials of control needles. Needles of drought exposed trees remained shorter and thinner. Cross-sections of elongating needles taken at 1 cm distance from the needle base were taken repeatedly during the experiment. Cross-section areas of different needle tissues were measured in an image analysis system. In needles of drought stressed trees sclerenchymatic tissues in the hypodermis and adjacent to the vascular bundles increased due to large increases in the number -not the size -of sclerenchymatic cells. The ratio of assimilation parenchyma to the vascular bundle (supplied versus supplying tissue) decreased. We conclude that these changes, which adapt needles to drought conditions, are triggered by drought stress experienced while needles are growing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Pine needles are generally xeromorphic (Napp-Zinn 1966), which has been particularly demonstrated for P. canariensis (Jiménez et al 2000). Stomatal morphology of P. canariensis reflects adaptation to strict control of water loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of drought on needle anatomy of Pinus canariensis

Grill

Tausz

Pöllinger

et al. 2004

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…dles (Jimenez et al, 2000), which was confirmed in Juniperus occidentalis (Miller et al, 1995) but still not investigated in pines. However, while previous research have shown that secondary needles have a significantly lower cuticular transpiration than primary needles in this species (Climent et al, 2006), our experiment revealed similar susceptibility to frost injury which suggest different tolerance pathways between drought and cold.…”

Section: P C a N A R Ie N S Is P R A D Ia T A P P In E A P H mentioning

confidence: 92%

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

Climent

Silva²,

Chambel

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Pine seedlings show a marked ontogenetic difference between primary and secondary needles, the latter prevailing with a different timing among species.• Using the electrolyte leakage method following an artificial freezing test, we aimed at (1) determining the differences in freezing tolerance between primary and secondary needles in eight pines of contrasting thermal habitats: P. canariensis, P. pinea, P. halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. radiata, (2) evaluating the relation between freezing tolerance and sclerophylly and (3) relating freezing tolerance with the climate of origin.• Primary needles were significantly more sensitive to freezing than secondary needles in Pinus halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster and P. nigra, whereas no differences were found in P. canariensis, P. pinea and P. radiata. LT50 was uncorrelated with needle sclerophylly but very highly correlated with the mean temperature of the coldest month at the seed source.• Results support an adaptive role of secondary needles in the mountain Mediterranean pines P. nigra, P. pinaster and P. brutia, while the more complex responses in coastal Mediterranean pines can be interpreted in the light of seedling ontogeny and species' ecological niches. Mots-clés :gel / perte d'électrolyte / gelée / ontogénie / hétéroblastie Résumé -Dégâts du gel sur des aiguilles primaires et secondaires chez différentes espèces de pins méditerranéens dans des niches écologiques contrastées.• Les jeunes plants de pin présentent une nette différence ontogénétique entre aiguilles primaires et secondaires, les secondes devenant dominantes après des délais variables selon les espèces.• À l'aide d'une expérience de gel artificiel et à l'aide de la méthode de perte d'électrolyte, nous avons visé à : (1) déterminer les différences de tolérance au gel entre aiguilles primaires et secondaires de huit espèces de pins présentant des habitats thermiques contrastés : P. canariensis, P. pinea, P. halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris et P. radiata, (2) évaluer la relation entre tolérance au gel et degré de sclérophyllie, et (3) mettre en relation tolérance au gel et climat d'origine.• Les aiguilles primaires étaient beaucoup plus sensibles au gel que les aiguilles secondaires chez Pinus halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster et P. nigra, alors qu'aucune différence n'a été constatée chez P. canariensis, P. pinea et P. radiata. La température induisant 50 % de mortalité n'était pas corrélée avec la sclérophyllie des aiguilles mais très fortement avec la température moyenne du mois le plus froid de la provenance des semences.• Les résultats corroborent l'idée d'un rôle adaptatif des aiguilles secondaires des pins méditerra-néens montagnards P. nigra, P. pinaster et P. brutia, tandis que les réponses plus complexes des pins méditerranéens côtiers peuvent être interprétées à la lumière de l'ontogénie des semis et des niches écologiques des espèces.

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“…The natural distribution area is small, restricted to a volcanic Archipelago near to the African continent, but with remarkable ecological variation due to topography and the variable influence of Trade winds (Climent et al 2004). While needle anatomy and surface characteristics of this species has been described in detail both for juvenile and mature needles (Jiménez et al 2000;Zellnig et al 2001;Stabentheiner et al 2004), geographical phenotypic variation in needle anatomy and morphology is still unknown. Previous studies have detected significant differentiation among populations in survival (López et al 2007), ontogeny (Climent et al 2006), traits related to fire adaptation (Climent et al 2004) and cone morphology .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From desert to cloud forest: the non-trivial phenotypic variation of Canary Island pine needles

López

Climent

Gil

2008

Trees

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Pine needles reflect some of the most outstanding xeromorphic characteristics of sclerophyllous plants. Detailed descriptive studies about their anatomy and morphology were carried out since the beginning of the past century but the role the different tissues play in adaptation to diverse environments is still little known. In this work we analyzed morphological and anatomical needle traits of seventeen natural populations of Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. Ex DC to identify adaptive traits related to drought resistance and determine their variability throughout a wide range of ecological conditions. A Principal Component Analysis revealed two groups of traits, one related to drought adaptation: maximizing gas exchange, avoiding water loss and storing water and the other to photosynthesis. Results support a predominantly mechanical function of hypodermis and a possible role of transfusion tissue to withstand dry conditions, thanks to its water storing capacity. The inversion of the patterns of the relative area of the dermal and transfusion tissues in the xeric region was justified due to the influence of the extreme dry Saharan wind from the East. A clear adaptation of Pinus canariensis needles to contrasted environments is evidenced suggesting distinct phenotypic needle features in the most xeric stands.

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Structure and ultrastructure of Pinus canariensis needles

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of drought on needle anatomy of Pinus canariensis

Effects of drought on needle anatomy of Pinus canariensis

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

From desert to cloud forest: the non-trivial phenotypic variation of Canary Island pine needles

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