Structure and Tissue Distribution of Prolactin Receptor mRNA in Japanese Flounder (Paralichtys olivaceus): Conserved and Preferential Expression in Osmoregulatory Organs

Higashimoto, Yoshifumi; Nakao, Nobuhiro; Ohkubo, Tadayasu; Tanaka, Minoru; Nakashima, Kunio

doi:10.1006/gcen.2001.7660

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Subsequent analysis of all the available PRLR sequences known to date revealed that there are indeed two clades of fish PRLR, which we call PRLR1 and PRLR2. In fact most of the PRLRs discovered so far in fish belong to the PRLR1 clade including those from goldfish (Tse et al 2000), Nile tilapia (Sandra et al 1995), halibut (Higashimoto et al 2001), rainbow trout (Prunet et al 2000), and carp (San Martin et al 2006). The PRLR1 clade in fish is more akin in structure to the PRLRs found in other non-fish vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of two distinct prolactin receptors in seabream with different tissue distribution patterns, signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones

Huang

Jiao²,

Fung³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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Two prolactin receptors (PRLRs) encoded by two different genes were identified in the fugu and zebrafish genomes but not in the genomes of other vertebrates. Subsequently, two cDNA sequences corresponding to two PRLRs were identified in black seabream and Nile tilapia. Phylogenetic analysis of PRLR sequences in various vertebrates indicated that the coexistence of two PRLRs in a single species is a unique phenomenon in teleosts. Both PRLRs in teleosts (the classical one named as PRLR1, the newly identified one as PRLR2) resemble the long-form mammalian PRLRs. However, despite their overall structural similarities, the two PRLR subtypes in fish share very low amino acid similarities (about 30%), mainly due to differences in the intracellular domain. In particular, the Box 2 region and some intracellular tyrosine residues are missing in PRLR2. Tissue distribution study by real-time PCR in black seabream (sb) revealed that both receptors (sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2) are widely expressed in different tissues. In gill, the expression level of sbPRLR2 is much higher than that of sbPRLR1. In the intestine, the expression of sbPRLR1 is higher than that of sbPRLR2. The expression levels of both receptors are relatively low in most other tissues, with sbPRLR1 generally higher than sbPRLR2. The sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2 were functionally expressed in cultured human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Both receptors can activate the b-casein and c-fos promoters; however, only sbPRLR1 but not sbPRLR2 can activate the Spi promoter upon receptor stimulation in a ligand-specific manner. These results indicate that both receptors share some common functions but are distinctly different from each other in mobilizing post-receptor events. When challenged with different steroid hormones, the two PRLRs exhibited very different gene expression patterns in the seabream kidney. The sbPRLR1 expression was up-regulated by estradiol and cortisol, whereas testosterone had no significant effect. For sbPRLR2, its expression was down-regulated by estradiol and testosterone, while cortisol exerted no significant effect. The 5 0 -flanking regions of the sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2 genes were cloned and the promoter activities were studied in transfected GAKS cells in the absence or presence of different steroid hormones. The results of the promoter studies were in general agreement with the in vivo hormonal regulation of gene expression results. The sbPRLR1 gene promoter activity was activated by estradiol and cortisol, but not by testosterone. In contrast, the sbPRLR2 gene promoter activity was inhibited by estradiol, cortisol, and testosterone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of two distinct prolactin receptors in seabream with different tissue distribution patterns, signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones

Huang

Jiao²,

Fung³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Effects of PRL are mediated by the PRL receptor (PRLR), a receptor of the class 1 cytokine receptor superfamily (Bole-Feysot et al, 1998). The PRLR is known to be present in several bony fish species but, to our knowledge, has never been reported in a cartilaginous species (Sandra et al, 1995;Tse et al, 2000;Le Rouzic et al, 2001;Santos et al, 2001;Higashimoto et al, 2001). The binding of PRL to the PRLR induces a homodimerisation of this receptor and activates a tyrosine kinase called JAK2.…”

Section: Hormonally Controlled Luminescence: Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores

Claes

Mallefet

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe velvet belly lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) emits a blue luminescence from thousands of tiny photophores. In this work, we performed a pharmacological study to determine the physiological control of luminescence from these luminous organs. Isolated photophore-filled skin patches produced light under melatonin (MT) and prolactin (PRL) stimulation in a dose-dependent manner but did not react to classical neurotransmitters. The -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) had an inhibitory effect on hormonal-induced luminescence. Because luzindole and 4P-PDOT inhibited MT-induced luminescence, the action of this hormone is likely to be mediated through binding to the MT2 receptor subtype, which probably decreases the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP) because forskolin (a cAMP donor) strongly inhibits the light response to MT. However, PRL seems to achieve its effects via janus kinase 2 (JAK2) after binding to its receptor because a specific JAK2 inhibitor inhibits PRLinduced luminescence. The two stimulating hormones showed different kinetics as well as a seasonal variation of light intensity, which was higher in summer (April) than in winter (December and February). All of these results strongly suggest that, contrary to self-luminescent bony fishes, which harbour a nervous control mechanism of their photophore luminescence, the light emission is under hormonal control in the cartilaginous E. spinax. This clearly highlights the diversity of fish luminescence and confirms its multiple independent apparitions during the course of evolution.

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“…In all species studied, PRL acts by binding to a specific membrane receptor (PRL-R) (Clarke et al 1997;Jabbour et al 1998;Ohkubo et al 1998;Howell-Skalla et al 2000;Sandra et al 2000;Higashimoto et al 2001). Two main forms of PRL-R transcript have been identified (BoleFeysot et al 1998), one of which is specific for a short form of receptor (Boutin et al 1988), while the other is specific for a long form whose molecule possesses a cytoplasmic tail (Boutin et al 1988;Shirota et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visualization of gene expression of prolactin-receptor (PRL-R) by in situ hybridization in reproductive organs of Typhlonectes compressicauda, a gymnophionan amphibian

Exbrayat

Morel

2003

Cell and Tissue Research

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The expression of the long form of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNAs was studied in reproductive organs from both male and female Typhlonectes compressicauda, an amphibian, by quantitative in situ hybridization. These PRL-R mRNAs were expressed in all the organs studied. In ovarian tissue, mRNAs coding for the long form of PRL-R were strongly expressed in ovaries with compact and vascularized corpora lutea, i.e., during the middle and the end of pregnancy. During the other periods of cycle, sexual rest, vitellogenesis and beginning of pregnancy, expression of these mRNAs was lower than in other periods. In the testis, mRNAs coding for the long form of PRL-R were expressed in germ cells as well as in Leydig and Sertoli cells. In müllerian glands, important variations of expression in these mRNAs have been observed with a large increase during the breeding period and a decrease during sexual rest. Variations of gene expression of the long form of PRL-R for all tissues studied are correlated to synthesis of PRL in the pituitary in both male and female Typhlonectes compressicauda.

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Structure and Tissue Distribution of Prolactin Receptor mRNA in Japanese Flounder (Paralichtys olivaceus): Conserved and Preferential Expression in Osmoregulatory Organs

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

The presence of two distinct prolactin receptors in seabream with different tissue distribution patterns, signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones

The presence of two distinct prolactin receptors in seabream with different tissue distribution patterns, signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones

Hormonal control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores

Visualization of gene expression of prolactin-receptor (PRL-R) by in situ hybridization in reproductive organs of Typhlonectes compressicauda, a gymnophionan amphibian

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