Structure and thermodynamics in polymer blends. Neutron scattering measurements on blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)

Hahn, K.; Schmitt, Burghard J.; Kirschey, M.; Kirste, R. G.; Salié, H.; Schmitt‐Strecker, Sigrid

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(92)90795-x

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because of the significant contrast between protonated polymer and deuterated polymers, neutron scattering could provide unique insight about the nanoscale morphology of binary polymer blends. 21,22 It has been a powerful technique in the understanding of the nanoscale morphology and miscibility of conjugated polymer:fullerene blends in organic photo- voltaics. 23−26 The molecular packing of semiconducting polymer is examined by GIXD.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Charge Mobility of Polymer Transistors by Judicious Choice of the Molecular Weight of Insulating Polymer Additive

et al. 2016

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In this work, we have carefully examined the morphology of semiconducting polymer:insulating polymer blends, which were deposited from inkjet printing. We attempted to study the impact of molecular weight (MW) of insulating polymer on the nanoscale morphology and function of the blends. The morphology of all of the inkjet-printed samples was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SANS results show that the domain size of the blends increases by increasing the MW of insulating polymer, while the domain purity reaches the maximum with proper molecular weight of insulating polymer. AFM images show that the connectivity of semiconducting polymer domains is disrupted with addition of polystyrene (PS) with low molecular weight (M w = 2.5K and 20K), while well-interconnected domains are observed with addition of PS with high molecular weight (M w = 182K and 2000K). GIXD results indicate that the π–π stacking distance of semiconducting polymer can be shortened with addition of PS and decreases with an increase of PS molecular weight from 2.5K to 182K. Further increasing molecular weight of PS to 2000K results in very weak π–π stacking ordering. This work demonstrates that the domain purity, connectivity of semiconducting polymer domains, and molecular packing are crucial for the charge transport. The judicious choice of the MW of insulating polymer could carefully control the nanoscale morphology of semiconducting polymer:insulating polymer blends, which could provide blend morphology with high domain purity, well-connected domains, along with reduced π–π stacking distance, all of which facilitate charge transport, resulting in a significant improvement of charge mobility.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Charge Mobility of Polymer Transistors by Judicious Choice of the Molecular Weight of Insulating Polymer Additive

et al. 2016

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“…The evolution of the molecular ordering and morphology of the blends is examined by grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. Neutron scattering is a powerful technique to monitor the detailed morphology of polymer blends systems, as it provides sufficient contrast between protonated polymer and deuterated polymers . The results provide the intricate relationship between solvent quality, morphology, and performance for polymer mixtures with the addition of a second solvent in the solution prior to inkjet printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of domain purity in semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends transistors

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2016

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Printed electronics is a rapidly developing field of research which covers any electronic devices or circuits that can be processed using direct printing techniques. Among those printing techniques, inkjet printing is a technique of increasing interest for organic field-effect transistors (FETs) due to its fully data driven and direct patterning. In this work, the morphology of semi-conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends from inkjet printing and their FET properties have been investigated. We attempted to optimize the morphology of the blends by the addition of a co-solvent to the blend solution prior to film deposition. By varying the boiling temperature of the co-solvent, blend films are fabricated with varying domain purity and different degree of semi-conducting polymer ordering. The morphologies of all the as-cast samples from inkjet printing and subsequently thermally annealed samples are characterized by grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering. The results indicate that the sample where a low boiling temperature cosolvent is used exhibits a lower degree of semi-conducting polymer ordering and less pure domains, resulting in a decrease of hole mobility. The morphologies that are formed when high boiling temperature co-solvent is used, however, give a higher degree of semi-conducting polymer ordering along with higher domain purity, significantly improving hole mobility up to 1.44 cm 2 V 21 s 21 at V DS 5 40 V. More importantly, with thermal annealing, all the samples exhibit similar semi-conducting polymer ordering and domain sizes while the domain purity significantly varies. This work is a unique example that demonstrates the importance of domain purity in the optimization of morphology and FET performance, which is previous unavailable. It also provides a novel process that can efficiently control the morphology of semi-conducting polymer/insulating polymer mixtures during deposition to maximize FET performance from inkjet printing.

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“…It is unequivocally established that poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) blends are miscible, if the acrylonitrile (AN) content in the SAN is below 30% . Note that PMMA is neither miscible with polystyrene (PS) nor with polyacrylonitrile (PAN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The miscibility of PMMA/SAN blends was studied in detail by using various experimental techniques such as optical and torsional pendulum measurements, cloud point measurements, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), positron life time measurements, and small angle light scattering (SALS) . Most of these studies support ‘copolymer repulsion mechanism’ as the driving force for miscibility, while a few researchers reported on the specific attractive interactions between carbonyl groups of PMMA and phenyl groups of SAN …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility, UV resistance, thermal degradation, and mechanical properties of PMMA/SAN blends and their composites with MWCNTs

Parameswaranpillai

Joseph

Jose

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) blends, with varying concentrations, were prepared by melt-mixing technique. The miscibility is ensured by fixing the acrylonitrile (AN) content of styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) as 25% by weight. The blends were transparent as well. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) studies did not reveal any specific interactions, supporting the well accepted 'copolymer repulsion effect' as the driving mechanism for miscibility. Addition of SAN increased the stability of PMMA towards ultraviolet (UV) radiations and thermal degradation. Incorporation of even 0.05% by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) significantly improved the UV absorbance and thermal stability. Moreover, the composites exhibited good strength and modulus. However, at higher concentrations of MWCNTs (0.5 and 1% by weight) the thermomechanical properties experienced deterioration, mainly due to the agglomeration of MWCNTs. It was observed that composites with 0.05% by weight of finely dispersed and well distributed MWCNTs provided excellent protection in most extreme climatic conditions. Thus, PMMA/SAN/MWCNTs composites can act as excellent light screens and may be useful, as cost-effective UV absorbers, in the outdoor applications.

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Structure and thermodynamics in polymer blends. Neutron scattering measurements on blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Improving Charge Mobility of Polymer Transistors by Judicious Choice of the Molecular Weight of Insulating Polymer Additive

Improving Charge Mobility of Polymer Transistors by Judicious Choice of the Molecular Weight of Insulating Polymer Additive

Importance of domain purity in semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends transistors

Miscibility, UV resistance, thermal degradation, and mechanical properties of PMMA/SAN blends and their composites with MWCNTs

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