Structure and Species Diversity of Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Northern Okinawa Island, Japan

Xu, Xiaoniu; Hirata, Eiji; Tokashiki, Yoshihiro; Shinohara, Takeo

doi:10.1007/bf02767094

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the tree density and the basal area for DBH in the current forest were, respectively, 18,333 ha −1 and 47.9 m 2 ha −1 (H > 1.3 m), 11,880 ha −1 and 44.7 m 2 ha −1 (DBH ≥ 1 cm), 3,092 ha −1 and 41.5 m 2 ha −1 (DBH≥4.5 cm), and 4,065 ha −1 and 42.2 m 2 ha −1 (H > 5 m). These results are comparable with 16,644 ha −1 and 50 m 2 ha −1 (H > 1.3 m) , and 5,580 ha −1 and 55 m 2 ha −1 (DBH ≥ 3.0 cm) (Xu et al 2001) reported for subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in the northern part of Okinawa Island. The aforementioned tree density and basal area in the current subtropical broadleaf forest were higher than for some subtropical forests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This forest is characterized by higher woody species diversity than the forests in mainland Japan (Itô 1997). Xu et al (2001) discovered that the understory has high woody species diversity and Enoki (2003), Enoki and Abe (2004), and Kubota et al (2004) pointed out that habitat heterogeneity of the topography seems to be important for maintaining the high woody species diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Stand structure and woody species diversity in relation to stand stratification in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, Okinawa Island

2006

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Stand structure and woody species diversity in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest grown in a silicate habitat, Okinawa Island, have been investigated on the basis of stand stratification. The forest stand consisted of four layers. The floristic composition of the top and the lower three layers was only slightly similar, although approximately one-third of the species were common to them. Mean tree weight decreased from the top toward the bottom layer whereas tree density increased from the top downward. This trend resembled the mean weight-density trajectory of self-thinning plant populations. The relationship between mean tree height and tree density for the upper two layers supported Yamakura's quasi -1/2 power law of tree height. The values of the Shannon-Wiener index, H', and the equitability index, J', tended to increase from the top layer downward except for the bottom layer. The values of H' and J' were, respectively, 4.83 bit and 0.82 for trees taller than 0.10 m. The lower layers contained many species of smaller height. High species diversity of the forest depended on small trees in the lower layers. Conservation of small trees in the lower layers, especially the bottom layer, is indispensable for sound maintenance of Okinawan evergreen broadleaf forests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stand structure and woody species diversity in relation to stand stratification in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, Okinawa Island

2006

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“…(Theaceae). This forest is considered to have great structural complexity, as well as considerable functional and biological diversity [19,45]. Therefore, sustainable management for this forest has been identified as a priority for research [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Wang

Hirata

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Precipitation partitioning into throughfall and stemflow and related hydrochemical fluxes were examined during a 3 y period from January 1998 to December 2000 in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest on Okinawa Island, Japan. Monthly water samples were collected to determine the concentrations and associated fluxes of bioelements. The mean annual precipitation during the study period was 3325 mm. Typhoons played a central role in the hydrology of the study forest with 11 typhoons contributing 29.1% of the total rainfall over the 3 y period. Throughfall and stemflow contributed 53.9% and 30.9% of the annual rainfall, respectively, implying a rainfall interception of 15.2%. The very high fraction of stemflow could be due to the crown morphology of the dominant species, Castanopsis sieboldii, that has inclined branches and concave shaped leaves. Mean pH in the precipitation was 6.22, and decreased significantly as the water passed through the canopy. Concentrations of total N, DOC, K, Na, Ca, and Mg showed a clear pattern of enrichment in both throughfall and stemflow compared to rainfall. The proximity to the Pacific Ocean strongly influenced the nutrient fluxes via rainfall at our site as illustrated by the extremely high Na fluxes via rainfall (213 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ) and throughfall plus stemflow (291 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ). The mean annual nutrient inputs (in kg ha -1 ) were: total N 43, P 2.6, K 76, Ca 49, Mg 30, Na 291, Al 1.8, Fe 1.0, and Mn 1.1. The input of DOC reached 361 kg C ha -1 y -1 . The high nutrient inputs via net precipitation (throughfall plus stemflow) especially for N at our site is thought to reflect the frequent occurrence of sea salt-induced stress and serious herbivory by insect.Castanopsis sieboldii / dissolved organic carbon / evergreen broad-leaved forest / nutrient cycling / stemflow / throughfall Résumé -Partition des précipitations et flux de nutriments dans une forêt subtropicale d'Okinawa au Japon. La partition des précipitations entre eau arrivant directement au sol et écoulement le long des troncs et flux hydrochimiques liés a été étudié pendant 3 ans de janvier 1998 à décembre 2000 dans une forêt feuillue à feuilles persistantes de l'île d'Okinawa au Japon. Mensuellement des échantillons d'eau étaient collectés pour déterminer les concentrations et les flux des bioéléments. Les précipitations annuelles moyennes pendant la période étudiée ont atteint 3325 mm. Les typhons jouent un rôle central dans l'hydrologie de la forêt étudiée avec 11 typhons contribuant à 29,1 % des précipitations totales pour les 3 ans de la période d'étude. L'eau arrivant directement au sol et l'écoulement le long des troncs représentent respectivement 53,9 % et 30,9 % des précipitations incidentes annuelles, impliquant une interception des précipitations de 15,2 %. La part importante de l'écoulement le long des troncs pourrait être dû à la morphologie des couronnes de l'espèce dominante Castanopsis sieboldii qui a des branches inclinées et des feuilles de formes concaves. Le pH des précipitati...

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“…The influence of the rains on the forest distribution in the Dominican Republic is similar to that of south and southwest China [1]; these forests have a similar diversity and structure to those in the north of the island of Okinawa (Japan) [2] and their distribution is conditioned by climate models and human intervention. Deforestation at the hands of the local population, essentially in arid and semiarid zones, has led to the deterioration of these forests in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, similar to the situation in Ethiopia [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Forests and Landscapes of Dominican Republic

Cano-Ortíz¹,

Musarella

Fuentes

et al. 2015

BJAST

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Aims: This, in conjunction with the diversity of the substrates and the fact that the island is home to the highest mountains in the Caribbean and with a high rate of endemic species, allows them to be differentiated into three major groups -dry forest, cloud forest and the transition between dry and cloud forests. The forests in the Dominican Republic grow in a tropical climate with ombrotypes ranging from arid to humid-hyperhumid due to the moisture-laden Atlantic winds; and infra-, thermo-, meso-and supratropical thermotypes. Establish the diversity, ecology and forest types in Dominican Republic. Methods:We identified all species through field surveys and comparative analyzes of how forest types, structure, diversity and ecology. Cano-Ortiz et al.; BJAST, 9(3): xxx-xxx, 2015; Article no.BJAST.2015.263 232 Results: We consided these forests to be endemic to the island of Hispaniola, as the dry forest presents 81 endemic species, of which 10 are trees, 65 shrubs, 5 creepers, and 1 herbaceous species; while the cloud forest has 19 trees, 20 shrubs, 8 creepers, 4 epiphytes and 6 herbaceous species. Conclusions: We highlight the absence of endemic epiphytes in the dry forests, which are in a poor state of conservation and subject to greater human pressure than the cloud forest. Original Research Article

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Structure and Species Diversity of Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Northern Okinawa Island, Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Stand structure and woody species diversity in relation to stand stratification in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, Okinawa Island

Stand structure and woody species diversity in relation to stand stratification in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, Okinawa Island

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Forests and Landscapes of Dominican Republic

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