Structure and Regulation of the Corpus Allatum

Tobe, Stephen S.; Stay, Barbara

doi:10.1016/s0065-2806(08)60043-0

Cited by 353 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 315 publications

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“…Changes in IIS usually result in the release of neuropeptides (e.g., allatostatin, allatotropin) that influence the production of JH by the corpus allatum (59,64). Accordingly, the exposure to cold also up-regulated the expression of the JHepox gene, which encodes JH epoxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of methyl farnesoate into JH III (86,87), the last step in the JH biosynthesis in most insects (88)(89)(90)(91).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Libbrecht

Corona

Wende

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

102

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Polyphenism is the phenomenon in which alternative phenotypes are produced by a single genotype in response to environmental cues. An extreme case is found in social insects, in which reproductive queens and sterile workers that greatly differ in morphology and behavior can arise from a single genotype. Experimental evidence for maternal effects on caste determination, the differential larval development toward the queen or worker caste, was recently documented in Pogonomyrmex seed harvester ants, in which only colonies with a hibernated queen produce new queens. However, the proximate mechanisms behind these intergenerational effects have remained elusive. We used a combination of artificial hibernation, hormonal treatments, gene expression analyses, hormone measurements, and vitellogenin quantification to investigate how the combined effect of environmental cues and hormonal signaling affects the process of caste determination in Pogonomyrmex rugosus. The results show that the interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on the production of alternative phenotypes and set vitellogenin as a likely key player in the intergenerational transmission of information. This study reveals how hibernation triggers the production of new queens in Pogonomyrmex ant colonies. More generally, it provides important information on maternal effects by showing how environmental cues experienced by one generation can translate into phenotypic variation in the next generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Libbrecht

Corona

Wende

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

102

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“…One might therefore expect these traits to be uncorrelated or negatively correlated. However, JHB could conceivably be involved in the degradation of JH by removing this hormone from lipid depots where it may be protected from degradation (Tobe & Stay, 1985) and delivering it to the haemolymph where there is high JHE activity. The positive phenotypic and genetic correlations between JHE and JHB suggests that these two factors may be coordinately regulated and provide support for this idea.…”

Section: Quantitative Genetics: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics of juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone binding and general esterase activity in the cricket Gryllus assimilis

Zera

1996

Heredity

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Heritabilities and genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations were estimated for two endocrine traits (juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and juvenile hormone binding (JHB) activity) and one non-endocrine trait (general esterase activity (GE)) in the cricket G,yllus assimilis. Genetic parameters were estimated in three stages of the last stadium as well as in the entire last stadium. Significant additive genetic heritabilities were observed for each trait for activities pooled over all developmental stages. For JHE and JHB, significant heritabilities were also observed within most developmental stages. This indicates that these endocrine features have sufficient genetic variability during most periods of the last stadium to respond rapidly to selection. Significant phenotypic correlations were observed in eight of nine pairwise comparisons between the three traits in the three stages. Significant additive genetic correlations were observed between JHE and JHB and between JHE and GE for activities pooled over all developmental stages. Nearly all phenotypic and additive genetic correlations between the same trait in different developmental stages were significant. This indicates that these three traits are highly intercorrelated and should evolve in concert. Of particular note is the positive phenotypic and genetic correlation between JHE and JHB which suggests that these two traits may be coordinately regulated and may function in concert to reduce the JH titre. This is, to our knowledge, the first quantitative-genetic analysis of hormonal features of an insect.

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“…insect hormone | development | phospholipase C | protein kinase | transcription J uvenile hormones (JH) are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids produced in insects by the corpora allata, a pair of endocrine glands connected to the brain (1). They are important regulators in a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects, including development, reproduction, caste determination, behavior, diapauses, polyphenisms, and longevity (2)(3)(4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Juvenile hormone-activated phospholipase C pathway enhances transcriptional activation by the methoprene-tolerant protein

Liu

Peng

Zhu

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key regulator of a wide diversity of developmental and physiological events in insects. Although the intracellular JH receptor methoprene-tolerant protein (MET) functions in the nucleus as a transcriptional activator for specific JHregulated genes, some JH responses are mediated by signaling pathways that are initiated by proteins associated with plasma membrane. It is unknown whether the JH-regulated gene expression depends on the membrane-mediated signal transduction. In Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we found that JH activated the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway and quickly increased the levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and intracellular calcium, leading to activation and autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). When abdomens from newly emerged mosquitoes were cultured in vitro, the JH-activated gene expression was repressed substantially if specific inhibitors of PLC or CaMKII were added to the medium together with JH. In newly emerged female mosquitoes, RNAi-mediated depletion of PLC or CaMKII considerably reduced the expression of JH-responsive genes, including the Krüppel homolog 1 gene (AaKr-h1) and the early trypsin gene (AaET). JH-induced loading of MET to the promoters of AaKr-h1 and AaET was weakened drastically when either PLC or CaMKII was inactivated in the cultured tissues. Therefore, the results suggest that the membraneinitiated signaling pathway modifies the DNA-binding activity of MET via phosphorylation and thus facilitates the genomic responses to JH. In summary, this study reveals an interplay of genomic and nongenomic signaling mechanisms of JH.insect hormone | development | phospholipase C | protein kinase | transcription J uvenile hormones (JH) are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids produced in insects by the corpora allata, a pair of endocrine glands connected to the brain (1). They are important regulators in a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects, including development, reproduction, caste determination, behavior, diapauses, polyphenisms, and longevity (2-4).Many effects of JH are mediated by the methoprene-tolerant (MET) protein, an intracellular JH receptor (5). MET contains a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-recognition motif near the N terminus, followed by two tandem Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains, PAS-A and PAS-B (6). In vitro studies have demonstrated that JH-III binds MET with relatively high affinity and have identified a putative JH-binding pocket in the PAS-B domain of MET (7,8). In the presence of JH, MET forms a heterodimer with a p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC), which also contains the bHLH-PAS domain (7, 9). The orthologs of SRC are called "Taiman" (TAI) in Drosophila melanogaster and "Ftz-F1-interacting steroid receptor coactivator" (FISC) in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (10, 11). For simplicity, we will use a single name, Taiman, to describe all its orthologs in insects. TAI acts as the DNA-binding partner of MET; the MET-TAI complex recogni...

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Structure and Regulation of the Corpus Allatum

Cited by 353 publications

References 315 publications

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Quantitative genetics of juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone binding and general esterase activity in the cricket Gryllus assimilis

Juvenile hormone-activated phospholipase C pathway enhances transcriptional activation by the methoprene-tolerant protein

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