Structure and property relationships in model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl bisphenol-a epoxy systems. I. Mechanical property characterizations

Sue, H.‐J.; Puckett, P. M.; Bertram, J. L.; Walker, L. L.; Garcia‐Meitin, E. I.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19990815)37:16<2137::aid-polb16>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The modification is usually achieved by two means, including chemical modification of epoxy resin from a rigid backbone structure to a more flexible backbone structure and decrease of the crosslink density of a cured epoxy resin 12, 13. For example, flexible siloxane segments are incorporated into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) and greatly improve its impact strength;14 Takao Iijima has synthesized some new aromatic epoxy resins, which are incorporated with oxyethylene units and finds that the new resins are more tough and show no decrease in strength and modulus compared to the unmodified resins;15, 16 Sue uses DGEBA coupled with bisphenol‐A (BPA) as a chain extender to investigate the effect of crosslink density on the toughness and modulus 17, 18. In these studies, the modification of epoxy structure not only improves the toughness but also improves the processability of the epoxy resins 19, 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy toughening using low viscosity liquid diglycidyl ether of ethoxylated bisphenol‐A

Yang

Huang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two new epoxy resins, diglycidyl ether of ethoxylated bisphenol-A (BPA) with two and six oxyethylene units (DGEBAEO-2 and DGEBAEO-6) were synthesized and characterized. DGEBAEO-6 was used to toughen the conventional epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of BPA (DGEBA). The blends of DGEBA with different amounts of DGEBAEO-6 were cured by 4,4 0 -diamino diphenylmethane (DDM), and their thermal and mechanical properties were examined. The DSC and DMA results presented that DGEBA/DGEBAEO-6 blends exhibited a homogenous phase, and the glass transition temperature of the blends was inversely proportional to the content of DGEBAEO-6. The impact strength of the cured blends was directly proportional to the content of DGEBAEO-6, and reached five times higher than that of the neat DGEBA when 50 wt % DGEBAEO-6 was used; the same impact strength was achieved for DDM-cured DGEBAEO-2. The viscosities of the blends decreased with increasing the DGEBAEO-6 content, whereas the tensile and flexural strength and the thermal stabilities were not obviously affected. Scanning electron microscopic results confirmed that the plastic deformation inducing by the incorporated flexible oxyethylene units was responsible for the toughness improvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy toughening using low viscosity liquid diglycidyl ether of ethoxylated bisphenol‐A

Yang

Huang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[12,13] Fourier transform infrared spectra (Nicolet Magna 550, Nicolet Inc., Madison, WI) in the near infrared (NIR) region were collected with 264 scans at 4 cm −1 resolution to measure bulk polymer cure (C=CH 2 peak at 6164 cm −1 ) [14] using an area baseline technique with peak areas being normalized to the polymer thickness. The degree of conversion (DC) at 15 min or 24 h after curing was determined with respect to the uncured resin composite using the following equation: (5) where A 0 is the peak area of the uncured composite, A t is the peak area of the composite at 15 min or 24 h. Data was statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an all pairwise multiple comparison procedure (Holm-Sidak, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimethacrylates with aromatic core structures have been reported to produce rigid polymers, while dimethacrylates with aliphatic structures produce flexible polymers [2,3] . It has also been suggested that dimethacrylates with "hard" segments (aromatic groups) and "soft" segments (aliphatic groups) will result in polymers with increased toughness and improved wear resistance in dental composites [4,5]. For example the widely used dental monomer Bis-GMA (reaction product(s) of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and methacrylic acid, primarily 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxyprop-1-oxy)phenyl]propane) contains bulky aromatic groups that make it a rigid molecule and is commonly mixed with the flexible monomer TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degree of cure and fracture properties of experimental acid-resin modified composites under wet and dry conditions

López-Suevos

Dickens

2008

Dental Materials

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Objective-Evaluate the effects of core structure and storage conditions on the mechanical properties of acid-resin modified composites and a control material by three-point bending and conversion measurements 15 min and 24 h after curing.Methods-The monomers pyromellitic dimethacrylate (PMDM), biphenyldicarboxylic-acid dimethacrylate (BPDM), (isopropylidene-diphenoxy)bis(phthalic-acid) dimethacrylate (IPDM), oxydiphthalic-acid dimethacrylate (ODPDM), and Bis-GMA were mixed with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in a 40/60 molar ratio, and photo-activated. Composite bars (Bariumoxide-glass/resin = 3/1 mass ratio, (2 × 2 × 25) mm, n = 5) were light-cured for 1 min per side. Flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (E), and work-of-fracture (WoF) were determined in threepoint bending after 15 min (stored dry); and after 24 h under dry and wet storage conditions at 37 °C . Corresponding degrees of conversion (DC) were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Data was statistically analyzed (2-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, Holm-Sidak, p < 0.05).Results-Post-curing significantly increased FS, E and DC in nearly all cases. WoF did not change, or even decreased with time. For all properties ANOVA found significant differences and interactions of time and material. Wet storage reduced the moduli and the other properties measured with the exception of FS and WoF of ODPDM; DC only decreased in BPDM and IPDM composites.Significance-Differences in core structure resulted in significantly different physical properties of the composites studied with two phenyl rings connected by one ether linkage as in ODPDM having superior FS, WoF and DC especially after 24 h under wet conditions. As expected, post-curing significantly contributed to the final mechanical properties of the composites, while wet storage generally reduced the mechanical properties.

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“…Second, the dissolved CTPB particles result in a decrease in the content of the rigid segment structure of the thermosetting network, thereby reducing the T g . Finally, the dispersed CTPB particles reduce the cross-linking density and the content of rigid segment structure of the thermosetting network, 28 resulting in improved compatibility and enhancement of the CTPB-matrix interaction. The first effect plays a major role at low CTPB content, so the T g has a noticeable decrease.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (Dma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carboxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Liquid Rubber Modified Epoxy Resin with Enhanced Toughness and Excellent Electrical Properties

Dong

Zhou

Sui

et al. 2016

Journal of Elec Materi

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The modification of epoxy (EP) resin with carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) liquid rubber was carried out in this work. The chemical reaction between the oxirane ring of EP and the carboxyl group of CTPB and kinetic parameters were investigated by Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry. The resulting pre-polymers were cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. Scanning electron microscopic observations indicate that the micro-sized CTPB particles dispersed uniformly in the EP matrix formed a two-phase morphology, mainly contributing to the improved toughness of the modified network. The best overall mechanical performance was achieved with 20 phr CTPB; above it, a fall in the strength and modulus was observed. The storage modulus and loss declined with the CTPB concentration due to its lower modulus and plasticizing effect from dynamic mechanical analysis measurements. Moreover, due to the weak polarity and excellent electrical insulation of CTPB, the CTPB-modified EP presented higher electrical resistivities and breakdown strength, and low dielectric permittivity and loss compared with neat EP.

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Structure and property relationships in model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl bisphenol-a epoxy systems. I. Mechanical property characterizations

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Epoxy toughening using low viscosity liquid diglycidyl ether of ethoxylated bisphenol‐A

Epoxy toughening using low viscosity liquid diglycidyl ether of ethoxylated bisphenol‐A

Degree of cure and fracture properties of experimental acid-resin modified composites under wet and dry conditions

A Carboxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Liquid Rubber Modified Epoxy Resin with Enhanced Toughness and Excellent Electrical Properties

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