Structure and Properties of Smart Micro‐ and Nanogels Determined by (Neutron) Scattering Methods

Oberdisse, Julian; Hellweg, Thomas

doi:10.1002/9783527832385.ch7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…For example, stimulus-responsive nanogels can be prepared by conjugating stimulus-responsive moieties (molecules that respond to external stimuli by changing their properties) to their functional groups [ 1 ]. Depending on the type of external stimuli, such as physical stimuli (temperature, light, electromagnetic), chemical stimuli (pH, ionic strength, redox), or biological stimuli (glucose gradient, enzymes), nanogels respond by changing their shape, surface characteristics, solubility, and light transmission capacity [ 16 ].…”

Section: Hyaluronic Acid Nanogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels: A Promising Platform for Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications

Myint,

Laomeephol,

Thamnium

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels are a versatile class of nanomaterials with specific properties, such as biocompatibility, hygroscopicity, and biodegradability. HA nanogels exhibit excellent colloidal stability and high encapsulation capacity, making them promising tools for a wide range of biomedical applications. HA nanogels can be fabricated using various methods, including polyelectrolyte complexation, self-assembly, and chemical crosslinking. The fabrication parameters can be tailored to control the physicochemical properties of HA nanogels, such as size, shape, surface charge, and porosity, enabling the rational design of HA nanogels for specific applications. Stimulus-responsive nanogels are a type of HA nanogels that can respond to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, enzyme, and redox potential. This property allows the controlled release of encapsulated therapeutic agents in response to specific physiological conditions. HA nanogels can be engineered to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic agents, such as conventional drugs, genes, and proteins. They can then be delivered to target tissues with high efficiency. HA nanogels are still under development, but they have the potential to become powerful tools for a wide range of theranostic or solely therapeutic applications, including anticancer therapy, gene therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging.

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Section: Hyaluronic Acid Nanogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels: A Promising Platform for Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications

Myint,

Laomeephol,

Thamnium

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…[98] Typical mesh size values for nanogels range between a few and up to ten nm. [99,100] If the hydrodynamic diameter of the protein is smaller than the mesh size, the protein is able to diffuse through the gel. In this case, release will be controlled by diffusion, and the protein can be loaded in the NG by a diffusion process.…”

Section: Network Structure: Mesh Size and Degree Of Swelling Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design and Development of Polymeric Nanogels as Protein Carriers

López‐Iglesias

Klinger

2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Proteins have gained significant attention as potential therapeutic agents owing to their high specificity and reduced toxicity. Nevertheless, their clinical utility is hindered by inherent challenges associated with stability during storage and after in vivo administration. To overcome these limitations, polymeric nanogels (NGs) have emerged as promising carriers. These colloidal systems are capable of efficient encapsulation and stabilization of protein cargoes while improving their bioavailability and targeted delivery. The design of such delivery systems requires a comprehensive understanding of how the synthesis and formulation processes affect the final performance of the protein. This review highlights critical aspects involved in the development of NGs for protein delivery, with specific emphasis on loading strategies and evaluation techniques. For example, factors influencing loading efficiency and release kinetics are discussed, along with strategies to optimize protein encapsulation through protein‐carrier interactions to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes. The discussion is based on recent literature examples and aims to provide valuable insights for researchers working towards the advancement of protein‐based therapeutics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…The temperature-induced volume phase transition (VPT) of PNIPAM microgels is typically followed indirectly by measuring the diffusion coefficient ( D t ) using dynamic light scattering (DLS), also known as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). ,− The hydrodynamic radius ( R h ) is then computed using the Stokes–Einstein equation: R h = k B T 6 π η D t Here, k B corresponds to Boltzmann’s constant, T to the absolute temperature, and η to the dynamic viscosity of the solvent. Temperature-dependent evolutions of R h or the hydrodynamic volume ( V h ∝ R h 3 ), which are commonly referred to as swelling curves, show a sigmoidal decrease in microgel size around the VPT temperature (VPTT), close to 32 °C, the LCST of PNIPAM in water. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Phase Transition of Thermoresponsive Microgels Scrutinized by Dynamic Light Scattering and Turbidity: Correlations Depend on Microgel Homogeneity

Otten,

Hildebrandt,

Pfeffing

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Thermoresponsive microgels experience a volume phase transition triggered by temperature changes, a phenomenon often analyzed using dynamic light scattering to observe overall size alterations via the diffusion coefficient. However, local structural changes are typically assessed using more intricate and expensive techniques like small-angle neutron or X-ray scattering. In our research, we investigate the volume phase transition of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)-based microgels by employing a combination of temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering and simpler, faster, and more efficient attenuation measurements.We utilize attenuation at a fixed wavelength as a direct measure of dispersion turbidity, linking the absolute changes in hydrodynamic radius to the absolute changes in turbidity. This approach allows us to compare "classical" PNIPAM microgels from precipitation polymerization, charged copolymer microgels from precipitation copolymerization, and core−shell microgels from seeded precipitation polymerization. Our study includes a systematic analysis and comparison of 30 different microgels. By directly comparing data from dynamic light scattering and attenuation spectroscopy, we gain insights into structural heterogeneity and deviations from the established fuzzy sphere morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how turbidity data can be converted to swelling curves.

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Structure and Properties of Smart Micro‐ and Nanogels Determined by (Neutron) Scattering Methods

Cited by 3 publications

References 133 publications

Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels: A Promising Platform for Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications

Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels: A Promising Platform for Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications

Rational Design and Development of Polymeric Nanogels as Protein Carriers

Volume Phase Transition of Thermoresponsive Microgels Scrutinized by Dynamic Light Scattering and Turbidity: Correlations Depend on Microgel Homogeneity

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