Structure and properties of hypercrosslinked polystyrene—the first representative of a new class of polymer networks

Davankov, V. A.; Tsyurupa, M. P.

doi:10.1016/0923-1137(90)90038-6

Cited by 463 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The swellability of the HCPs in a range of simulants confirmed that the swelling of the polymers is largely solvent independent, as expected for hypercrosslinked polymers. 21 The greatest degree of swelling was obtained for the fluorobenzene derived HCP, despite it not having the largest apparent SA BET . HCPs which have the largest apparent SA BET are likely to exhibit a higher degree of crosslinking which results in less pore collapse in the network on drying.…”

Section: Varying Synthesis Conditions Upon Porosity and Swellabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast to polymers such as styrene-divinylbenzene, prepared via free radical copolymerisation, 21 the powdery nature of HCPs can make it difficult to obtain a quantitative measure for their swelling in liquids. In order to allow for testing of the HCPs with CWA simulants and real agents, reliable, reproducible and scalable methods needed to be developed.…”

Section: Swelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first examples of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), reported in the 1970s by Davankov and Tsyurupa,20,21 were prepared by crosslinking linear polystyrene chains using multifunctional external crosslinker molecules such as chloromethyl methyl ether. Self-condensation of small molecule monomers such as benzyl alcohol, in which the alcohol is displaced by the aromatic ring, has also resulted in the preparation of HCPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the weak inter chain interactions that exist in the polymer network as a result of the high number of bridges introduced during the crosslinking reaction. 21 The swellability of HCPs can be affected by a number of parameters including the initial monomer concentration, 21 the extent of monomer crosslinking and the solvating state of the growing polymer chains (nature of reaction solvent). 31,32 The polarity of the polymer can also influence the swellability of the polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents

et al. 2017

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The need for porous materials to function as sorbents in order to allow for bulk uptake (and potential deactivation) of chemical warfare agent (CWA) stockpiles is of significant importance in the world today.Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) represent a class of such sorbents being produced using the facile and tuneable so-called "knitting" procedure. Several HCPs are reported and their properties including apparent Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (SA BET ) and swellability (Q) against CWA simulants are examined using two reliable swelling methods which we have developed. The HCP derived from fluorobenzene showed the greatest potential for using such materials for CWA uptake and was tested against real agents including isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (sarin, GB) and bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfane (sulfur mustard, HD) revealing uptakes close to 20 mL g −1.

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Section: Varying Synthesis Conditions Upon Porosity and Swellabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Swelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents

et al. 2017

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“…Hypercrosslinked polystyrene (PS) particles with a very high specific surface area (> 1000 m 2 g -1 ) and high micropore (< 2 nm) content (~ 0.6 ml g -1 ) were introduced by Davankov [1][2][3][4][5][6] as early as in the1970's. Even though the topic was initially somewhat ignored, a recent renewed interest in hypercrosslinked particles possessing high sorption capacity stems from their applications as packings in high-performance liquid chromatography [7], ion exchangers [8,9], specific sorbents [10][11][12][13], for hydrogen storage [14][15][16][17][18] and in water treatment for removal of hydrocarbon traces [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercrosslinked polystyrene microspheres by suspension and dispersion polymerization

Šálek

Horák

2011

E-Polymers

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Abstract:To determine the influence of particle size on the specific surface area of hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS) microspheres, two methods were chosen for preparation of particles, suspension and dispersion polymerization. While the former method produced hundred micrometer-sized PS-S microspheres, the latter yielded PS-D particles of ca. 1-μm size. Dispersion copolymerization of styrene (St) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in ethanol was stabilized by (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) and initiated with dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO). Monodisperse 1.4-μm PS-D microspheres were prepared only in the presence of 3.6 wt% HPC. All microspheres were chloromethylated with chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME), chloromethyl ethyl ether (CMEE) or chloromethyl octyl ether (CMOE) to investigate the effect of the chloromethylation agent on the specific surface area of microspheres. Chloromethylated microspheres were hypercrosslinked in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) in the presence of a Lewis acid (SnCl 4 ). The effects of the crosslinker (DVB) and DCE/microsphere ratio on properties of the product were studied. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution of the microspheres were analyzed by dynamic desorption of nitrogen, cyclohexane regain and mercury porosimetry.

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Swelling of porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers in water

Yan

Wang

Chen

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The swelling capacity of porous styrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers in water was studied by displacing methanol from the swollen polymer. The copolymers with different amounts of DVB were prepared in the presence of solvents with different solvating powers as inert diluents. Using a solvating solvent or its mixture with a nonsolvent as diluent, most of the obtained copolymers increase their volume in water, and the increase in volume becomes more significant with increasing the degree of crosslinking in some range of the DVB contents. The swelling capacity in water for the same copolymers with a high degree of crosslinking is linearly dependent on the dilution degree in the initial reaction mixture, to some extent. The unusual swelling behaviors in water were explained by the inner strain, which existed mainly in the less crosslinked domains between the highly crosslinked microgel particles, which are released in the course of swelling of the copolymers.

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Structure and properties of hypercrosslinked polystyrene—the first representative of a new class of polymer networks

Cited by 463 publications

References 16 publications

Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents

Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents

Hypercrosslinked polystyrene microspheres by suspension and dispersion polymerization

Swelling of porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers in water

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