Structure and properties of fine metallic particles

Abstract

Moscow Engineering Physics InstituteUsp. Fiz. Nauk 133, 653-692 (April 1981) This review considers the present status of theoretical and experimental investigations of fine metallic particles (FMP) with characteristic dimension from 100 to 1 nm. An analysis is made of the influence of the size of FMP on the structure, on the phonon spectra, the heat capacity, the Debye temperature, the behavior of the FMP in an electromagnetic field, the relaxation of the electronic spins, the magnetic susceptibility, and the optical properties. Changes in the structure and in the phonon spectrum are due chiefly to disintegration of the surface layers of atoms and to the large curvature of the surface of the FMP. The electronic states of FMP are treated with allowance for the pronounced discreteness of the levels. A comparison is made of theoretical and experimental results on the effect of the parity of the number of electrons in the particles on the paramagnetic susceptibility and on the Knight shift. Relaxation of electron spins in FMP of alkali metals is discussed with allowance for the effect of the surface and of impurities, and also of a possible contribution from the pronounced discreteness of phonon and electron states. Investigations of optical properties and of plasma oscillations indicate an important role of surface states in relation to electronic transitions in FMP.

Atomic dynamics of tin nanoparticles embedded into porous glass

“…The first is ultrafine powders (and sintered particles made of these powders), as well as fine crystalline met als or intermetallic compounds, in which nanodimen sional grains (with dimensions within 1-100 nm) are separated by grain boundaries of the same material. The second type represents nanocomposites in which nanoparticles either occur as inclusions of isolated phases in a matrix of another material (i.e., oversatu rated solid solutions) or are synthesized (embedded) in the nanodimensional pores of a dielectric matrix [1,2].…”

“…Nanocrystalline materials can be represented as chaotically oriented crystalline grains with dimensions of less than 100 nm [1]. The unique properties of these materials and their differences from bulk analogs have spurred extensive investigations of the properties of nanocrystalline metals and alloys.…”

Some comments on the electrodynamics of binary pulsars

“…In this limit, the analysis leading to the expressions for k and δ becomes invalid. In fact, objects of spherical symmetry smaller than about the mean free path for deflection of conduction electrons (i.e., in our case, cTcc) are generally considered to be only weakly affected by skin depth effects, in the sense that the spherical metal conductor is not shielded from outside fields, see for instance Petrov (1981); Morokhov et al (1981). For this reason, and because δ ≈ r at the moment of merger, we feel justified in neglecting skin depth effects in the latest stages of the binary evolution.…”

Asymptotic Models for Studying Kinetics of Formation of Compact Objects with Strong Internal Bonds

“…[1]- [10] and represented in [18]- [21]. On the other hand it is well known that "when interacting with outer space, physical objects never discover their complete internal complexity potential.…”

“…In works [1]- [6] various physical objects and their environment are described. They are of interest not only in E. E. Lin terms of their individual properties determined by their structure and sizes but also in terms of determining a spatial boundary between macro-and microcosm (macrophysics and microphysics).…”