Structure and Ontogeny of Terminal Sclereids in Boronia Serrulata

Foster, Adriance S.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1955.tb11160.x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Idioblasts have rarely been demonstrated as contributing to foliar water uptake in angiosperms, with some exceptions such as Hakea suaveolens (Heide‐Jorgensen, 1990). However, their topology in the numerous forest species where they have been described, including gymnosperms (Hooker, 1864), and more than 80 eudicot families (Foster, 1955a, 1955b; Rao & Mody, 1961; Solereder, 1908; Vitarelli, Riina, Cassino, & Meira, 2016; Zhang, Hu, Li, Wang, & Xu, 2009), suggested a role in the storage of water in leaves. As thick‐walled sclerenchymatous tissues (Evert, 2006), idioblasts evolved multiple shapes and dispositions within leaves, but the columnar type of idioblasts displayed in the leaves of C. odoratissima have only been described in two species so far, Hakea suaveolens (Heide‐Jorgensen, 1990) and Mouriria huberi (Foster, 1947).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Idioblasts (Schwendener, 1874) are thick-walled cells typically buried in the mesophyll of vascular plants (Bailey & Nast, 1945;Tomlinson & Fisher, 2005), and commonly found in the leaves of xerophilous species (Foster, 1956;Heide-Jorgensen, 1990). Traditionally, idioblasts have been explored from the perspective of morphology, ontogeny and taxonomic values (Bloch, 1946;Foster, 1944Foster, , 1945aFoster, , 1945bFoster, , 1955aFoster, , 1955bRao & Mody, 1961). However, important functions attributed to idioblasts are typically inferred from their putative stiffness, such as support and defence (Foster, 1947;Rao & Sharma, 1968;Tucker, 1964), or from their topology, such as a possible role in leaf capacitance (Heide-Jorgensen, 1990) or serving as light guides (Karabourniotis, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idioblasts and peltate hairs as distribution networks for water absorbed by xerophilous leaves

Losada

Dı́az

Holbrook

2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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Capparis odoratissima is a tree species native to semi-arid environments of South America where low soil water availability coexists with frequent night-time fog. A previous study showed that water applied to leaf surfaces enhanced leaf hydration, photosynthesis and growth, but the mechanisms of foliar water uptake are unknown.Here, we combine detailed anatomical evaluations with water and dye uptake experiments in the laboratory, and use immunolocalization of pectin and arabinogalactan protein epitopes to characterize water uptake pathways in leaves. Abaxially, the leaves of C. odoratissima are covered with peltate hairs, while the adaxial surfaces are glabrous. Both surfaces are able to absorb condensed water, but the abaxial surface has higher rates of water uptake. Thousands of idioblasts per cm 2 , a higher density than stomata, connect the adaxial leaf surface and the abaxial peltate hairs, both of which contain hygroscopic substances such as arabinogalactan proteins and pectins.The highly specialized anatomy of the leaves of C odoratissima fulfils the dual function of minimizing water loss when stomata are closed, while maintaining the ability to absorb liquid water. Cell-wall related hygroscopic compounds in the peltate hairs and idioblasts create a network of microchannels that maintain leaf hydration and promote water uptake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idioblasts and peltate hairs as distribution networks for water absorbed by xerophilous leaves

Losada

Dı́az

Holbrook

2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Abreviaturas: RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, São Paulo. Figuras 4A-B), mas formas com bifurcações numerosas foram encontradas em folhas de Rutaceae (Foster, 1955), Oleaceae (Kiew & Ibrahim,1982) e Theaceae (Accardo Filho, 2004) (Figuras 4C-E) e em flores de Loganiaceae (Bendre, 1975). Dimensões: 82 x 97 µm (Figu- (Tucker, 1977); B, astroesclerócito tipo caloso (fotomicrografia com foco sobre o calo); C-D, astroesclereíde perfurada de Loranthus wallichianus Schult.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Esclerócitos: proposta de uma nova categoria de palinomorfos lato sensu

Duarte¹,

Arai²

2010

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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-SCLEREIDS: PROPOSAL FOR A NEW CATEGORY OF PALYNOMORPHS LATO SENSU.Palynological analyses of samples from the Upper Cretaceous successions of certain sedimentary basins of southeastern Brazil have revealed the presence of distinctive organic structures attributable to sclereids, which are cells of sclerenchyma (tissue whose principal function is support and protection of vascular plants). In the present study, fossil sclereids have been identified by light microscopy of strew slides prepared for routine palynological analysis. Thirteen basic radially symmetric morphotypes are recognizable, as follows: aculeata, brevis (short, compact), callosa (thickened, callus-like), crenulata, crucis (cross-shaped), elongata, furcata (branched), perforata, rotunda (rounded), simplex (simple, unbranched), spinosa, tenuis (tenuous), and truncata (truncated). All belong to the group of Astrosclereids, which have star-like shapes. Tentatively, the type simplex can be referred to the Gnetophyta and the family Nymphaeaceae; perforata to Loranthaceae; callosa to Magnoliaceae; and furcata to Rutaceae, Oleaceae and Theaceae. These inferred botanical relationships could, in turn, enhance our understanding of the taxonomic composition of the vegetation bordering the studied basins, thus contributing to paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic interpretations. Moreover, determining the relationship between the astrosclereid morphotypes and the plant organs bearing them could help in the characterization of the terrigenous influx into the basins. The abundance of fossil astrosclereids could also be indicative of paleowildfires. This is implied by the fact that these microfossils are especially abundant in the Santonian strata of the Campos and Santos basins, which incorporate unequivocal evidence of intense conflagration induced by incendiary volcanic activities.Key words: sclereids, astrosclereids, plant anatomy, palynology, Cretaceous, Brazil.RESUMO -Análises palinológicas realizadas em amostras provenientes do Cretáceo Superior de algumas bacias sedimentares do Sudeste Brasileiro revelaram estruturas atribuíveis a esclerócitos, células do esclerênquima, tecido que confere rigidez, sustentação e proteção às plantas vasculares. No presente trabalho, os esclerócitos fósseis foram identificados ao microscópio óptico nas mesmas lâminas das análises palinológicas de rotina. O trabalho preliminar permitiu a identificação de 13 formas (morfotipos) básicas, todas pertencentes ao grupo de astroesclerócitos com formato de estrela: aculeata (aculeado), brevis (compacto), callosa (caloso), crenulata (crenulado), crucis (cruciforme), elongata (elongado), furcata (ramificado), perforata (perfurado), rotunda (arredondada), simplex (simples), spinosa (espinhoso), tenuis (tênue) e truncata (truncado). Inferiu-se o morfotipo simples às gnetófitas e à família Nymphaeacea, o perfurado à Loranthaceae, o caloso à Magnoliaceae e o ramificado às famílias Rutaceae, Oleaceae e Theaceae. O estabelecimento da relação dos morfotipos com suas respectivas planta...

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“…Idioblasts have rarely been demonstrated as vectors of foliar water uptake in angiosperms, with some exceptions such as Hakea suaveolens (Heide-Jorgensen, 1990). However, their topology in the numerous forest species where they have been described - including gymnosperms (Hooker, 1864; Sterling, 1947), and more than eighty eudicot families (Solereder, 1908; Foster, 1955a,b; Rao and Mody, 1961; Zhang et al, 2009; Vitarelli et al, 2016), suggested a role in leaf capacitance. As thick-walled sclerenchymatous tissues (Evert, 2006), idioblasts evolved multiple shapes and dispositions within leaves, but the columnar type of idioblasts displayed in the leaves of C. odortatissima have only been described in a couple of species so far: Hakea suaveolens (Heide-Jorgensen, 1990), and Mouriria huberi (Foster, 1947).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Idioblasts (Schwendener, 1874) are thick walled cells typically buried in the mesophyll of leaves of vascular plants (Bailey and Nast, 1945; Tomlinson and Fisher, 2005), and recurrently found in the leaves of xerophyllous species (Foster, 1956; Heide Jorgensen, 1990). They have been traditionally explored from the perspective of morphology, ontogeny, and taxonomic value (Foster,1944; 1945a,b; Bloch, 1946; Foster, 1955a,b; Rao and Mody, 1961). However, important functions adscribed to idioblasts are merely inferred from their putative stiffness, such as support and defense (Foster, 1947; Tucker, 1964; Rao and Sharma, 1968), or from their topology, such as a possible role in leaf capacitance (Heide-Jorgensen, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idioblasts as pathways for distributing water absorbed by leaf surfaces to the mesophyll inCapparis odoratissima

Losada

Dı́az

Holbrook

2019

Preprint

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Capparis odoratissima is a tree species native to semi-arid environments of the northern coast of South America where low soil water availability coexists with frequent nighttime fog. Previous work with this species demonstrated that C. odoratissima is able to use water absorbed through its leaves at night to enhance leaf hydration, photosynthesis, and growth.Here, we combine detailed anatomical evaluations of the leaves of C. odoratissima, with water and dye uptake experiments in the laboratory. We used immunolocalization of pectin and arabinogalactan protein epitopes to characterize the chemistry of foliar water uptake pathways.The abaxial surfaces of C. odoratissima leaves are covered with overlapping, multicellular peltate hairs, while the adaxial surfaces are glabrous but with star-shaped “structures” at regular intervals. Despite these differences in anatomy, both surfaces are able to absorb condensed water, but this ability is most significant on the upper surface. Rates of evaporative water loss from the upper surface, however, are coincident with cuticle conductance. Numerous idioblasts connect the adaxial leaf surface and the adaxial peltate hairs, which contain hygroscopic substances such as arabinogalactan proteins and pectins.The highly specialized anatomy of the leaves of C odoratissima fulfills the dual function of avoiding excessive water loss due to evaporation, while maintaining the ability to absorb liquid water. Cell-wall related hygroscopic compounds present in the peltate hairs and idioblasts create a network of microchannels that maintain leaf hydration and promote the uptake of aerial water.

show abstract

Structure and Ontogeny of Terminal Sclereids in Boronia Serrulata

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Idioblasts and peltate hairs as distribution networks for water absorbed by xerophilous leaves

Idioblasts and peltate hairs as distribution networks for water absorbed by xerophilous leaves

Esclerócitos: proposta de uma nova categoria de palinomorfos lato sensu

Idioblasts as pathways for distributing water absorbed by leaf surfaces to the mesophyll inCapparis odoratissima

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