Structure and motility of the esophagus from a mechanical perspective

Mir, Mariam; Ali, Murtaza Najabat; Ansari, Umair; Sami, Javaria

doi:10.1007/s10388-015-0497-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nonlinearity of oesophageal tissue has been related to its physiological function, wherein the wall displays compliance at low strains to accommodate for the swallowing process, but stiffens at high strains in order to prevent over-dilatation (Mir et al. 2016 ). This provides explanation of the nonlinearity and lower initial stiffness seen in the circumferential direction, but fails to consider the material behaviour observed in the longitudinal direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of the human oesophagus: anisotropic properties of the embalmed muscular layer under large deformation

Durcan

Hossain

Chagnon

et al. 2022

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The oesophagus is a primarily mechanical organ whose material characterisation would aid in the investigation of its pathophysiology, help in the field of tissue engineering, and improve surgical simulations and the design of medical devices. However, the layer-dependent, anisotropic properties of the organ have not been investigated using human tissue, particularly in regard to its viscoelastic and stress-softening behaviour. Restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic meant that fresh human tissue was not available for dissection. Therefore, in this study, the layer-specific material properties of the human oesophagus were investigated through ex vivo experimentation of the embalmed muscularis propria layer. For this, a series of uniaxial tension cyclic tests with increasing stretch levels were conducted at two different strain rates. The muscular layers from three different cadaveric specimens were tested in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions. The results displayed highly nonlinear and anisotropic behaviour, with both time- and history-dependent stress-softening. The longitudinal direction was found to be stiffer than the circumferential direction at both strain rates. Strain rate-dependent behaviour was apparent, with an increase in strain rate resulting in an increase in stiffness in both directions. Histological analysis was carried out via various staining methods; the results of which were discussed with regard to the experimentally observed stress-stretch response. Finally, the behaviour of the muscularis propria was simulated using a matrix-fibre model able to capture the various mechanical phenomena exhibited, the fibre orientation of which was driven by the histological findings of the study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of the human oesophagus: anisotropic properties of the embalmed muscular layer under large deformation

Durcan

Hossain

Chagnon

et al. 2022

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Non-linearity of oesophageal tissue has been related to its physiological function, wherein the wall displays compliance at low strains to accommodate for the swallowing process, but stiffens at high strains in order to prevent over-dilatation [42]. This provides explanation for the non-linearity and lower stiffness seen in the circumferential direction but fails to consider the material behaviour observed in the longitudinal direction.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of the human oesophagus: anisotropic properties of the muscular layer in large deformation

Durcan¹,

Hossain²,

Chagnon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Technological advancements in the field of robotics have led to endoscopic biopsy devices able to extract diseased tissue from between the layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite this, the layer-dependent properties of these tissues have yet to be mechanically characterised using human tissue. In this study, the ex vivo mechanical properties of the passive muscularis propia layer of the human oesophagus were extensively investigated. For this, a series of uniaxial tensile tests were conducted. The results displayed hyperelastic behaviour, while the differences between loading the tissue in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions showcased its anisotropy. The anisotropy of the muscular layer was present at different strain rates, with the longitudinal direction being consistently stiffer than the circumferential one. The circumferential direction was found to have little strain-rate dependency, while the longitudinal direction results suggest pronounced strain-rate-dependent behaviour. The repeated trials showed larger variation in terms of stress for a given strain in the longitudinal direction compared to the circumferential direction. The possible causes of variation between trials are discussed, and the experimental findings are linked to the histological analysis which was carried out via various staining methods. Finally, the direction-dependent experimental data was simulated using an anisotropic, hyperelastic model.

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“…Criteria for successful tissue engineering of the GEJHPZ should account for both the mechanical properties and the forces generated by the native tissue. Detailed reviews of the tissue mechanics of the esophagus and the stomach have been published recently (Brandstaeter, Fuchs, Aydin, & Cyron, 2019; Mir, Ali, Ansari, & Sami, 2015). Because these tissues are multilayered and anisotropic, there is variability in the experimental and modeling choices made by different groups.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there are few studies that used human tissues. When modeling the human esophagus as a simple isotropic tissue, an ultimate tensile strain of 140% and ultimate tensile stress of 1.2 MPa were found (Mir et al, 2015). Ovine and porcine esophagi have been used for investigating the mechanics of the individual layers.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%