Structure and magnetism of Pd in Pd/Fe multilayers studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Pd<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>sedges

Vogel, Jan; Fontaine, A.; Cros, Vincent; Pétroff, F.; Kappler, J.P.; Krill, G.; Рогалев, А.; Goulon, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.55.3663

Cited by 135 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Particularly exciting is the case of the (3d, nd) transition-metal alloys which exhibit giant magnetoresistances (Baibich et al, 1988;Bisnasch et al, 1989). Until recently (Harp et al, 1995;Kobayashi et al, 1996;Vogel et al, 1997), experimental dif®culties hampered XMCD studies at the L 2,3 edges of 4d elements: in the energy range of interest (i.e. 2.4± 3.5 keV), the exit beam of an Si or Ge (111) double-crystal monochromator has a poor circular polarization rate since the Bragg angle approaches 45 (Malgrange et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray magnetic reflectometry using circularly polarized radiation

Neumann

Рогалев

Goulon

et al. 1998

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Magnetic re¯ectometry experiments have been performed in the X-ray range at the L 2,3 edges of rhodium. What makes these experiments original is the insertion of a very compact doublebounce re¯ectometer upstream of the monochromator. This con®guration makes full use of the high polarization rate of the helical undulator source. This advantage is re¯ected in the high quality of the data obtained after only a few accumulations. It is also shown that, by properly selecting the angle of incidence, one may obtain experimental differential X-ray re¯ectivity spectra dominated either by the dispersion or the absorption terms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray magnetic reflectometry using circularly polarized radiation

Neumann

Рогалев

Goulon

et al. 1998

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…1 The existence of well-established magneto-optical sumrules that allow to obtain the spin and orbital contribution to the magnetic moment directly from the integral of the spectra 2-4 made it an essential technique to study the magnetic properties of matter. These sumrules are widely and successfully applied at spin-orbit split L 2 ,3 -edges of transition metals [5][6][7][8] and M 4 ,5 -edges of actinides. 9 On the other hand, in the absence of spinorbit splitting of the core state (as for K -or L 1 -edge), only the orbital magnetization sum-rule 2,4 can apply and a quantitative analysis of the spectra is far from being straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray magnetic and natural circular dichroism from first principles: Calculation of K - and L1 -edge spectra

et al. 2017

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An efficient first principles approach to calculate X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) is developed and applied in the near edge region at the K -and L1 -edges in solids. Computation of circular dichroism requires precise calculations of X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) for circularly polarized light. For the derivation of the XAS cross section, we used a relativistic description of the photon-electron interaction that results in an additional term in the cross-section that couples the electric dipole operator with an operator σ · ( × r) that we name spin-position. The numerical method relies on pseudopotentials, on the gauge including projected augmented wave method and on a collinear spin relativistic description of the electronic structure. We apply the method to the calculations of K -edge XMCD spectra of ferromagnetic iron, cobalt and nickel and of I L1 -edge XNCD spectra of α-LiIO3, a compound with broken inversion symmetry. For XMCD spectra we find that, even if the electric dipole term is the dominant one, the electric quadrupole term is not negligible (8% in amplitude in the case of iron). The term coupling the electric dipole operator with the spin-position operator is significant (28% in amplitude in the case of iron). We obtain a sum-rule relating this new term to the spin magnetic moment of the p-states. In α-LiIO3 we recover the expected angular dependence of the XNCD spectra.

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“…Pd h −n Ag h = 0.92 [67], (n Pd h = 1.27 [68], and n Ag h = 0.35 [69]), and the experimental XAS spectra of a Pd film and Ag, we estimated A wl /n h = 5.18(4) eV/holes, whereby n h = 0.85 (5) in Pd, which we assume to be also valid for the CoPd NPs. The smaller number of holes in CoPd than in metallic Pd (n Pd h = 1.27) reflects the hybridization of the 4d band in Pd with the 3d band in Co.…”

Section: Taking For Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[67]. Since the absorption per 4d hole, A wl /n h , can be written as the difference between the areas subtended by the spectra of the two nd elements in the region of the white line, A …”

Section: Pd L 23 Edgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in granular multilayers of CoPd alloyed nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Co-Pd multilayers obtained by Pd capping of pre-deposited Co nanoparticles on amorphous alumina are systematically studied by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, SQUID-based magnetometry, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The films are formed by CoPd alloyed nanoparticles self-organized across the layers, with the interspace between the nanoparticles filled by the non-alloyed Pd metal. The nanoparticles show atomic arrangements compatible with short-range chemical order of L1 0 strucure type. The collective magnetic behavior is that of ferromagnetically coupled particles with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, irrespective of the amount of deposited Pd. For increasing temperature three magnetic phases are identified: hard ferromagnetic with strong coercive field, soft-ferromagnetic as in an amorphous asperomagnet, and superparamagnetic. Increasing the amount of Pd in the system leads to both magnetic hardness increment and higher transition temperatures. Magnetic total moments of 1.77(4) μ B and 0.45(4) μ B are found at Co and Pd sites, respectively, where the orbital moment of Co, 0.40(2) μ B , is high, while that of Pd is negligible. The effective magnetic anisotropy is the largest in the capping metal series (Pd, Pt, W, Cu, Ag, Au), which is attributed to the interparticle interaction between de nanoparticles, in addition to the intraparticle anisotropy arising from hybridization between the 3d-4d bands associated to the Co and Pd chemical arrangement in a L1 0 structure type.

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Structure and magnetism of Pd in Pd/Fe multilayers studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the PdL2,3sedges

Cited by 135 publications

References 53 publications

X-ray magnetic reflectometry using circularly polarized radiation

X-ray magnetic reflectometry using circularly polarized radiation

X-ray magnetic and natural circular dichroism from first principles: Calculation of K - and L1 -edge spectra

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in granular multilayers of CoPd alloyed nanoparticles

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