Structure and magnetic behavior of transition metal based ionic liquids

Sesto, Rico E. Del; McCleskey, T. Mark; Burrell, Anthony K.; Baker, Gary A.; Thompson, J. D.; Scott, Brian L.; Wilkes, John S.; Williams, Peg

doi:10.1039/b711189d

Cited by 302 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…To exploit the paramagnetic properties of MILs [89] in aqueous sample environments, hydrophobic components must be incorporated into the cation or anion of the MIL to minimize water solubility [7]. Recent efforts by our group and others to generate hydrophobic MILs have led to new opportunities in magnet-based aqueous extraction systems [8,[94][95][96].…”

Section: Magnetic Ionic Liquids As Extraction Solvents In Dispersive mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

Clark

Emaus

Varona

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

130

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The applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL-derived sorbents are rapidly expanding. By careful selection of the cation and anion components, the physicochemical properties of ILs can be altered to meet the requirements of specific applications. Reports of IL solvents possessing high selectivity for specific analytes are numerous and continue to motivate the development of new IL-based sample preparation methods that are faster, more selective, and environmentally benign compared to conventional organic solvents. The advantages of ILs have also been exploited in solid/polymer formats in which ordinarily nonspecific sorbents are functionalized with IL moieties in order to impart selectivity for an analyte or analyte class. Furthermore, new ILs that incorporate a paramagnetic component into the IL structure, known as magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), have emerged as useful solvents for bioanalytical applications. In this rapidly changing field, this Review focuses on the applications of ILs and IL-based sorbents in sample preparation with a special emphasis on liquid phase extraction techniques using ILs and MILs, IL-based solid-phase extraction, ILs in mass spectrometry, and biological applications. K E Y W O R D Salternative solvents, ionic liquids, magnetic ionic liquids, microextraction, sample preparation

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Section: Magnetic Ionic Liquids As Extraction Solvents In Dispersive mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

Clark

Emaus

Varona

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

130

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“…As shown in Scheme 1, the target imidazolium salt of iron (III) [  species, which is evident in the Raman spectrum [22,23]. Figure 1 …”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of [Diprim][fecl 4 ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and recyclable iron(III)-containing imidazolium salt catalyst for cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with alkyl halides

et al. 2012

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1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride, [DIPrim]Cl, was used to produce a novel iron(III)-containing imidazolium salt [DIPrim] [FeCl 4 ], which included a N,N-diarylimidazolium cation (R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), [DIPrim] + , and tetrachloroferrate(III) anion, [FeCl 4 ]  . This compound was an effective and easy-to-use catalyst for the cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with primary and secondary alkyl halides bearing -hydrogens. After simply decanting the cross-coupling product in the ether layer, [DIPrim] [FeCl 4 ] could be reused in at least four successive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. The transition metal-catalyzed Grignard cross-coupling reaction is a powerful and widely used method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds [1]. Although a variety of palladium or nickel-based catalysts are particularly effective for the cross-coupling of alkenyl or aryl halides, recent reports on the use of alkyl halides, especially those with -hydrogen atoms, as substrates suggests iron catalysis has potential in this field [2,3]. In comparison with established palladium or nickel-based systems, iron-based catalysts offer a cost efficient, safe and more environmentally benign approach, and the capacity to suppress undesirable -hydride eliminations.To date, a variety of iron-based catalysts have been developed for the cross-coupling of an aryl Grignard reagent with primary or secondary alky halides bearing -hydrogens. For example, well-defined iron complexes, such as the iron (II) tetrakisferrate complex [4], iron(III) salen complexes [5], iron(II) or iron(III) imine complexes [6] and iron(III)amine-bis(phenolate) complexes [7], have shown good crosscoupling activity. In addition, although Fe(acac) 3 (acac = acetylacetonate) can catalyze this cross-coupling reaction [8], amine additives are necessary to achieve higher yields of the cross-coupled product [9]. Notably, FeCl 3 can be used effectively in the presence of appropriate additives, such as amines [9][10][11], phosphines, phosphites, arsines and carbene precursors [12]. Although the direct use of FeCl 3 generally suffers from limitations such as high hygroscopicity of FeCl 3 and the variable yield according to the purity and commercial source of FeCl 3 [13], this method appears particularly attractive because of the simplicity and low cost of the metal salt combined with the high efficiency of the catalytic system. Consequently, this method represents a very powerful approach, if these limitations can be overcome [9,11].Two reports describing the use of FeCl 3 have appeared in the literature. Cahiez et al. [9] discovered that hygroscopic FeCl 3 could be easily modified into a hydrophobic and airstable iron(III) complex [(FeCl 3 ) 2 (tmeda) 3 ] (tmeda = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) by direct reaction of FeCl 3 with tmeda in a 2 : 3 molar ratio. Moreover, this complex showed significantly better activity than a stoichiometric mixture of FeCl 3 and tmeda [10,11]. Of particular note is a

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“…In the past 10 years a large variety of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have been generated with iron, cobalt and gadolinium containing anions [22]. The interest arises from the fact that they are molecular liquids, rather than typical ferrofluids which comprise magnetic colloidal particles (≥10 nm) dispersed in a carrier fluid [23].…”

Section: Magnetic Ionic Liquid Surfactants -Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic surfactants

Brown

Hatton

Eastoe

2015

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms The use of these magneto-surfactants as novel molecular magnets is also investigated as well as looking forward to potential applications. Graphical AbstractHighlights  Introduce the 3 existing classes of magnetic surfactants; ionic, coordinating, covalently bound  Consider a potential 4 th class of magnetic surfactant  Describe how these surfactants function as molecular magnets  Report potential applications ranging biochemistry to water treatment  Discuss the origins of magnetism in dilute aqueous solutions

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Structure and magnetic behavior of transition metal based ionic liquids

Cited by 302 publications

References 26 publications

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

An efficient and recyclable iron(III)-containing imidazolium salt catalyst for cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with alkyl halides

Magnetic surfactants

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