The clam Lucina pectinalis supports its symbiotic bacteria by H 2 S transport in the open and accessible heme pocket of Lucina Hb I and by O 2 transport in the narrow and crowded heme pocket of Lucina Hb II. Remarkably, air-equilibrated samples of Lucina Hb I were found to be more rapidly oxidized by nitrite than any previously studied Hb, while those of Lucina Hb II showed an unprecedented resistance to oxidation induced by nitrite. Nitrite-induced oxidation of Lucina Hb II was enabled only when O 2 was removed from its active site. Structural analysis revealed that O 2 clams up the active site by hydrogen bond formation to B10Tyr and other distal-side residues. Quaternary effects further restrict nitrite entry into the active site and stabilize the hydrogen-bonding network in oxygenated Lucina Hb II dimers. The dramatic differences in nitrite reactivities of the Lucina Hbs are not related to their O 2 affinities or anaerobic redox potentials, which were found to be similar, but are instead a result of differences in accessibility of nitrite to their active sites; i.e. these differences are due to a kinetic rather than thermodynamic effect. Comparative studies revealed heme accessibility to be a factor in human Hb oxidation by nitrite as well, as evidenced by variations of rates of nitrite-induced oxidation that do not correlate with R and T state differences and inhibition of oxidation rate in the presence of O 2 . These results provide a dramatic illustration of how evolution of active sites with varied heme accessibility can moderate the rates of inner-sphere oxidative reactions of Hb and other heme proteins. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
NIH Public Access
Author ManuscriptBiochim Biophys Acta. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 October 1.
Published in final edited form as:Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 October ; 1804(10): 1988-1995. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.016.
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript
1. INTRODUCTIONNitrite is a unique Hb oxidant because of its ability to react with oxyHb in a complex reaction leading to formation of metHb and nitrate [1][2][3][4][5], and with deoxyHb in a reaction that generates metHb and NO [6][7]. Many recent studies have focused on the formation of bioactive NO from nitrite that is catalyzed by deoxy Hb because of the potential, but still controversial, role of this reaction in blood pressure regulation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].Work in our laboratories on the reactions of normal and cross-linked forms of Hb with nitrite led to some puzzling results. Conditions that ...