Structure and internal consistency of a shoulder model

A Probabilistic Model of Glenohumeral External Rotation Strength for Healthy Normals and Rotator Cuff Tear Cases

“…Current models of the glenohumeral joint have been used to make muscle force predictions for other motions. 28,53,76 In the future it would be interesting to conduct an experiment to obtain in vivo data for estimating muscle forces during external rotation as has been done for other joints and other motions.…”

Comparison of model-predicted and measured moment arms for the rotator cuff muscles

“…Modelpredicted moment arm data were obtained from the use of the Dickerson model (Dickerson et al, 2005(Dickerson et al, ,2006, Holzbaur model (Holzbaur et al, 2005), and Delft Shoulder and Elbow Model (DSEM) (van der Helm, 1994a(van der Helm, ,1994b; these models are available to the biomechanics community. It should be noted that the Dickerson model is an implementation of the model developed by Hogfors and co-workers (Hogfors et al, 1987(Hogfors et al, ,1991(Hogfors et al, ,1995. For the other included models, moment arm data were extracted from published or dissertation data from the Favre model (Favre et al, 2005), Garner model (Garner and Pandy, 2001), and Newcastle model (Charlton, 2003); the availability of these models is not known.…”

“…EMG-driven (Laursen et al, 1998) and optimizationbased models (Hogfors et al, 1987(Hogfors et al, ,1991(Hogfors et al, ,1995van der Helm, 1994avan der Helm, ,1994b have been developed for estimating muscle forces around the shoulder. A critical component of optimization-based methods is the accurate determination of muscle moment arms as muscle force predictions have been shown to be highly sensitive to these parameters (Raikova and Prilutsky, 2001).…”

Development and Evaluation of the Measurement System for the Human Shoulder Joint Based on the 6 DOF Kinematic Modelling

“…The nonzero minimum value of the quadratic regression curve ( 5) was probably attributed to muscular acutuation of the upper arm as a result of self-motivated movement to furnish skeletal support of its own weight by the subject, especially when errors of components of the Y and Z axes were negative without exception, implying optimized C shifted on muscular contraction against gravitational forces acting on the forelimb. In addition, the gradient that increases on the right in the vicinity exceeding 40 deg of the regression curve was not due to anti-gravitational force, instead it was inferred as the mere prevailing expression of scapulohumeral rhythm (Högfors et al, 1995). When the epiphyseal position was required with high accuracy, so long as the tone of articular capsule and scapulohumeral rhythm induced by spontaneous muscular contraction were inhibited (in the two investigators) by holding the shoulder ball-joint in a spatially fixed position, it would be extremely reliable to perform studies at whatever posture the subject may be orientated.…”

“…In numerical models, the fundamental approach can be conclusively constructed based on the anatomical data such as mathematical description of musculoskeletal systems (Högfors et al, 1987;Van der Helm FCT, 1992) and scapulohumeral rhythm on the scapular plane (Högfors et al, 1991). In a model designed by Karlsson and Peterson (1992) for mechanical estimation of the shoulder, and another introduced by Högfors et al (1995) to furnish prediction consistency with 46 integrated components besides the versatile innovation that affords >30 parameters plus the intricate salute movement involving 5 degree of freedom (DOF) structural orientation (Yamaguchi et al, 1995), the global movements are simple and restrictive and computation of data can be time-consuming and cumbersome. At present, it is as yet difficult to secure a numerical musculoskeletal model with complete DOF of movement appropriate for fieldwork on physiological anthropology.…”