Structure and Generation Mechanism of a Novel Degradation Product Formed by Oxidatively Induced Coupling of Miconazole Nitrate with Butylated Hydroxytoluene in a Topical Ointment Studied by HPLC-ESI-MS and Organic Synthesis

Hydrolysis of the Quinone Methide of Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Aqueous Solutions

“…In pharmaceutical formulations, the possibility of adduct formation between the QM from BHT oxidation and a nucleophilic group of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or another excipient is possible. To date, there is one report of API–QM adduct formation in a topical formulation …”

“…To date, there is one report of API-QM adduct formation in a topical formulation. 13 This research was undertaken to investigate the reactivity of QM with water under various pH conditions and with two possible nucleophilic species capable of adding to QMs, chloride ions, and various phosphate species around neutral pH. The focus of the work was to characterize the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction.…”

Investigation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Treated Phenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…QM is a reactive electrophilic species that easily forms adducts with nucleophiles or polymerize in the next step. Adduct formation between the nucleophilic groups of the active pharmaceutical ingredients with QM in pharmaceutical formulations is very much possible [3]. In food preservation, BHT reacts with atmospheric oxygen preferentially rather than oxidizing food materials, thereby protecting them from decomposition.…”