Structure and Function of the Skin

McGrath, John A.; Uitto, Jouni

doi:10.1002/9781118441213.rtd0002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Its thickness varies from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or more according to the skin region. Compared to the epidermis, the dermis is vascularized [7]. Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) represents the profound stratum of the skin, and it is made of fat cells among which are found elastin fibers, collagen, nerves, lymphatic, and blood vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Hydrogels-Based Dressings for Optimal Treatment of Cutaneous Lesions

Violeta¹,

Dinu-Pîrvu²,

Popa³

et al. 2023

Hydrogels - From Tradition to Innovative Platforms With Multiple Applications

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Worldwide, cutaneous lesions care represents a daily challenge for the medical system, with an increasing prevalence from year to year (from ~5 million in 2005 to about 8 million in 2018) and high costs for their treatment (between ~$28 billion and ~$97 billion). Injuries are the most frequent and destructive form of skin damage, affecting patients’ quality of life. To promote wound healing, an ideal treatment involves proper dressings that can manage the local pain, inflammation, or infection. Passive or dry traditional dressings, such as cotton, gauze, or lint, have limited therapeutic actions and demand periodic replacement of the dressing. Therefore, an optimal alternative for advanced wound care is represented by hydrogels, one of the five classes of modern dressings, which assure excellent local moisture, due to their high ability to absorb a large volume of water inside their three-dimensional networks. Moreover, hydrogels possess suitable biocompatibility, biodegradability, porosity, elasticity, flexibility, and biological properties similar to the extracellular matrix. This chapter presents the main characteristics of the hydrogels and the recent research regarding the development of new hydrogel dressings, based on natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic biopolymers, loaded with varied therapeutic agents to stimulate the tissue regeneration of different etiologies cutaneous lesions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Hydrogels-Based Dressings for Optimal Treatment of Cutaneous Lesions

Violeta¹,

Dinu-Pîrvu²,

Popa³

et al. 2023

Hydrogels - From Tradition to Innovative Platforms With Multiple Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the skin, it is well documented that autophagy decreases the rate of ageing and that functional autophagic activity declines with age [ 6 ]. In the epidermis, keratinocytes (KC) are the predominant cell type (95% of all cells) [ 7 ]. Autophagy is active both in the proliferating and differentiating KC of the human and murine epidermis [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Autophagy Deletion on the Age-Related Changes in the Epidermal Lipidome of Mice

Yang

Kremslehner

Derdak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Autophagy is a controlled mechanism of intracellular self-digestion with functions in metabolic adaptation to stress, in development, in proteostasis and in maintaining cellular homeostasis in ageing. Deletion of autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes does not prevent the formation of a functional epidermis and the permeability barrier but causes increased susceptibility to damage stress and metabolic alterations and accelerated ageing phenotypes. We here investigated how epidermal autophagy deficiency using Keratin 14 driven Atg7 deletion would affect the lipid composition of the epidermis of young and old mice. Using mass spectrometric lipidomics we found a reduction of age-related accumulation of storage lipids in the epidermis of autophagy-deficient mice, and specific changes in chain length and saturation of fatty acids in several lipid classes. Transcriptomics and immunostaining suggest that these changes are accompanied by changes in expression and localisation of lipid and fatty acid transporter proteins, most notably fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in autophagy knockouts. Thus, maintaining autophagic activity at an advanced age may be necessary to maintain epidermal lipid homeostasis in mammals.

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“…The epidermis is a stratified epithelium forming the outermost layer of skin and provides protection from the harmful threats of the environment [6] . This layer is made up of the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) and adnexal structures such as the hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, which project into the underlying dermis [ 6 , 7 ]. The IFE is a highly organised tissue comprising multiple layers of epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IFE is a highly organised tissue comprising multiple layers of epithelial cells. The most prominent cell type is the keratinocyte, accounting for 95% of all cells in the IFE [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%