Structure and function of the notochord: an essential organ for chordate development

Stemple, Derek L.

doi:10.1242/dev.01812

Cited by 391 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(97 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

395

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1, weeks 5-6). As notochordal cells contain vacuoles that retain hydrated materials [38], this generates osmotic pressures that further induce elongation of this structure along the midline axis.…”

Section: Therapies For Disc Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell-based regenerative medicine therapies have been proposed for repairing the degenerated intervertebral disc (a major cause of back pain). However, for this approach to be successful, it is essential to characterise the phenotype of its native cells to guarantee that implanted cells differentiate and maintain the correct phenotype to ensure appropriate cell and tissue function. While recent studies have increased our knowledge of the human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell phenotype, their ontogeny is still unclear. The expression of notochordal markers by a subpopulation of adult NP cells suggests that, contrary to previous reports, notochord-derived cells are retained in the adult NP, possibly coexisting with a second population of cells originating from the annulus fibrosus or endplate. It is not known, however, how these two cell populations interact and their specific role(s) in disc homeostasis and disease. In particular, notochordal cells are proposed to display both anabolic and protective roles; therefore, they may be the ideal cells to repair the degenerate disc. Thus, understanding the ontogeny of the adult NP cells is paramount, as it will inform the medical and scientific communities as to the ideal phenotype to implant into the degenerate disc and the specific pathways involved in stem cell differentiation towards such a phenotype.

show abstract

Section: Therapies For Disc Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, its role has not been completely elucidated. 13 Recently, Qi et al 14 suggested that an alteration in sonic hedgehog signaling may be pivotal in producing abnormal notochord development and consequently sacral/anorectal malformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A locus for sacral/anorectal malformations maps to 6q25.3 in a 0.3 Mb interval region

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Partial absence of the sacrum is a rare congenital defect that also occurs as an autosomal-dominant trait, whereas imperforate/ectopic anus is a relatively common malformation, usually observed in multiple congenital anomalies syndromes. We report on a girl born to healthy consanguineous parents (first cousins once removed) with anal imperforation and associated rectovaginal fistula and partial sacral agenesis. Facial dysmorphism included a high forehead, epicanthic folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism and a depressed nasal root. Brain MRI showed a bilateral opercular dysplasia with a unilateral (right) pachygyria; MRI and X-ray imaging of the spine disclosed a tethered cord associated with partial sacral agenesis. She showed a moderate developmental delay. Ophthalmologic examination evidenced bilateral microphthalmos and relative microcornea. Cytogenetic studies in our patient disclosed a pure de novo 6q25.3-qter deletion. By genotype analysis, we detected in our patient a maternal allele loss encompassing D6S363 and D6S446. Pure distal 6q deletion is a rare anomaly, reported in association with sacral/anorectal malformations (sacral agenesis, anal imperforation/ectopia) and never with cortical dysplasia. Pooling deletion mapping information in patients with pure terminal and interstitial 6q deletion allowed us to define a critical region spanning 0.3 Mb between the markers D6S959 and D6S437 for sacral/ anal malformations. We hypothesize that haploinsufficiency for a gene within the deleted region may impair normal development of caudal structures, possibly acting on the notochordal development.

show abstract

“…At the periphery, this structure is surrounded by a thin fibrous acellular sheath, consisting of a collagenous matrix type II, covered by an elastic membrane (Parsons et al, 2002;Stemple, 2005;Grotmol et al, 2005) After hatching (500 UTAs), Salmo salar alevins rest, digesting the lipoproteins of the yolk sac. During this period, the notochord undergoes structural modification to adapt to swimming conditions.…”

Section: Histogenesis and Morphology Of The Vertebral Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral Column Deformity and Hypoxia in Salmo salar

Sánchez¹,

Obregón²,

Rauco³

2011

Int. J. Morphol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CASTRO, S. R.; BUSTOS OBREGON, E. & ROJAS, R. M. Vertebral column deformity and hypoxia in SUMMARY:Vertebral Column Deformity (VCD) is a common pathology in Chilean salmon farms, lowering the quality and commercialization of the product. Hypoxia has been related to other musculoskeletal deformities, but not to VCD. This work analyzes the morphology of the vertebral column of Salmo salar alevins, cultured under hypoxic conditions (60% O2 saturation in the water tanks) for different time periods after hatching (2, 4, 6 and 8 days). They are compared with their normoxic controls (100% O2 saturation). Using histological (H/E), and morphometric techniques, it was found that the time of exposure to hypoxia is inversely proportional to the body length, notochordal diameter and thickness of its sheath. The organic response to hypoxia was quantified by immunohistochemistry for HIF-1a as the sensor of hypoxia. Its expression increased significantly (p<0.05) in the experimental groups that exhibit VCD. Although etiology for VCD is probably multifactorial, this study allows for the conclusion that hypoxia by itself, produces VCD.

show abstract

Structure and function of the notochord: an essential organ for chordate development

Cited by 391 publications

References 102 publications

An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration

An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration

A locus for sacral/anorectal malformations maps to 6q25.3 in a 0.3 Mb interval region

Vertebral Column Deformity and Hypoxia in Salmo salar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About