Structure and function of the poxvirus transcription machinery

Fischer, Utz; Bartuli, J.; Grimm, Clemens

doi:10.1016/bs.enz.2021.06.005

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This process involves the production of viral mRNA under the regulation of viral early promoters. The core structure disintegrates in the second stage during core uncoating, caused by unknown host and viral processes [27] . The viral DNA enters the cytoplasm once the virus core structure is exposed, which triggers an early and late phase of DNA transcription and subsequently acts as a template for DNA replication.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Mpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors responsible for the re-emergence of Monkeypox and implications for global health

Oduoye,

Faloye,

Ubechu

et al. 2024

International Journal of Surgery: Global Health

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The eradication of smallpox in 1980 and the subsequent discontinuation of smallpox vaccination have resulted in a decline in immunity against orthopoxviruses. As a result, Monkeypox (Mpox) has reappeared as a significant virus with implications for public health. This article aims to determine some of the factors responsible for the re-emergence of Mpox and its implications for global health. A thorough literature search for this present article was conducted through a search of databases and journals, including the WHO and CDC websites, using keywords such as “Monkeypox”, “Re-emergence”, “Prevalence”, “Risk factors”, “Implications” and “Global Health” to find articles published from 2003 to 2023. We found that Mpox recently occurred in several countries in America, Europe, and Asia, including the United States of America (USA), Brazil, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, and Pakistan, between 2022 and 2023. The rise in Mpox cases was also seen, with incidences documented in Western Europe (2599 cases, accounting for 42.76% of the total), Southern Europe (1932 cases, representing 31.79% of the total), Northern Europe (1487 cases, comprising 24.46% of the total), and Eastern Europe (59 cases, making up 0.97% of the total). Possible factors implicated in the re-emergence of MPOX include; the expansion of the human population, increased same sexual intercourse, and poor epidemiological surveillance. etc. The re-emergence of Mpox in the world is a difficult issue that requires world leaders to take a diverse approach to control the disease. World leaders and scientists must pursue natural compounds with antiviral properties. Hopefully, natural products will give alternate therapy alternatives for preventing infection transmission between humans and limiting virus proliferation in host organisms.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Mpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors responsible for the re-emergence of Monkeypox and implications for global health

Oduoye,

Faloye,

Ubechu

et al. 2024

International Journal of Surgery: Global Health

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“…Although the tenascin-like gene has been documented thus far only in an insect poxvirus, its jump from this or poxviruses from other hosts to poxviruses that infect humans might be plausible because insects can function as vectors of poxviruses among mammals (Fischer et al, 2021;Oliveira et al, 2017). There is also great plasticity in gene transfer involving poxviruses, as illustrated by gene transfer between poxviruses and baculoviruses in insects (Thézé et al, 2015), and poxvirus-mediated horizontal transfer of retroposons from reptiles to mammals, including humans (Piskurek and Okada., 2007).…”

Section: Poxviruses and Their Ability To Infect Oligodendroglia And T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental encephalomyelitis at age 90, still relevant and elucidating how viruses trigger disease

Steinman

Patarca

Haseltine

2023

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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20 yr ago, a tribute appeared in this journal on the 70th anniversary of an animal model of disseminated encephalomyelitis, abbreviated EAE for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. “Observations on Attempts to Produce Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys” appeared in the Journal of Experimental Medicine on February 21, 1933. Rivers and colleagues were trying to understand what caused neurological reactions to viral infections like smallpox, vaccinia, and measles, and what triggered rare instances of encephalomyelitis to smallpox vaccines. The animal model known as EAE continues to display its remarkable utility. Recent research, since the 70th-anniversary tribute, helps explain how Epstein–Barr virus triggers multiple sclerosis via molecular mimicry to a protein known as GlialCAM. Proteins with multiple domains similar to GlialCAM, tenascin, neuregulin, contactin, and protease kinase C inhibitors are present in the poxvirus family. These observations take us a full circle back to Rivers’ first paper on EAE, 90 yr ago.

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“…The uncoating of the virus core structure leads to the entry of viral DNA into the cytoplasm, which produces early and late DNA transcription processes and serves as a template for DNA replication. The subsequent intermediate and late transcription steps necessitate coordination with transcription factors produced from the host, which increases the effectiveness of viral gene expression [18] . IMV, an infectious virus produced by the accumulation of late viral genes, travels through microtubule-mediated trafficking and wraps in the golgi-derived membrane to produce IEV [19] .…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%