Structure and Function of Small Airways in Smokers: Relationship between Air Trapping at CT and Airway Inflammation

Berger, Patrick; Laurent, François; Bégueret, Hugues; Pérot, Vinçent; Rouiller, R; Rahérison, Chantal; Molimard, Mathiéu; Marthan, Roger; Tunon‐de‐Lara, J. Manuel

doi:10.1148/radiol.2281020187

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…BARALDO et al [19] found increased numbers of neutrophils and CD8+ cells, but not mast cells, in the small airways of smokers with COPD, and noted that the neutrophil number was inversely related to lung function. This is consistent with an earlier study showing that the number of neutrophils in the ASM bundle in small airways in smokers is related to air trapping determined by computed tomography scanning [45]. In the latter report, there was also a relationship between air trapping, reflecting peripheral obstruction and infiltration of ASM by chymase-positive mast cells.…”

Section: Inflammatory Cell Localisation To Asm Bundlesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although mast cell density was increased in membranous compared with cartilaginous airway in the epithelium and ASM in one study [12], mast cell numbers were not increased in COPD compared with controls in the proximal airway smooth muscle [39,46] and conflicting data exist for the distal airways. One study showed increased mast cells in the ASM [45] and another reported that numbers were not increased compared with healthy controls [19]. Similarly, T-cells, neutrophils and macrophages (but not eosinophils) have been observed in the ASM in large and small airways in COPD, but only small airway CD8+ T-cells and neutrophils have been shown to be increased compared with healthy controls [19,46].…”

Section: Is the Pattern Of Localisation Of Inflammatory Cells To Airwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory cell microlocalisation and airway dysfunction: cause and effect?

Siddiqui

Hollins²,

Saha³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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Airway inflammation is a critical feature of the airway diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is emerging evidence that structural cells play a key role in the development and perpetuation of the inflammatory response and are pivotal in the development of the changes in the airway structures that lead to airway remodelling.To date, little attention has been given to the localisation of inflammatory cells to airway structures or the potential interactions between these intimately located cells. However, it is likely that interactions between inflammatory and structural cells in the airway contribute enormously to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD.Indeed, recent evidence suggests that mast cells localised to the airway smooth muscle bundle may be important in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.In the present article, the authors aim to summarise: 1) the current understanding of which inflammatory cells locate to airway structures; 2) the proposed mechanisms that may be involved in mediating this microlocalisation; 3) the possible consequences of interactions between inflammatory and structural cells; and 4) the pressing need to investigate whether modulating these interactions is beneficial in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Section: Inflammatory Cell Localisation To Asm Bundlesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Is the Pattern Of Localisation Of Inflammatory Cells To Airwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory cell microlocalisation and airway dysfunction: cause and effect?

Siddiqui

Hollins²,

Saha³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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“…It also has an advantage for depicting and describing many accompanying pathologic changes in the small and large airways, as well as the parenchyma (17)(18)(19)(20)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). Furthermore, COPD is not simply a homogeneous, irreversible airflow limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lobe-based Visual Assessment of Volumetric CT by Using Standard Images—Comparison with Quantitative CT and Pulmonary Function Test in the COPDGene Study

Kim¹,

Seo²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Radiology

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Purposes:To provide a new detailed visual assessment scheme of computed tomography (CT) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by using standard reference images and to compare this visual assessment method with quantitative CT and several physiologic parameters. Materials and Methods:This research was approved by the institutional review board of each institution. CT images of 200 participants in the COPDGene study were evaluated. Four thoracic radiologists performed independent, lobar analysis of volumetric CT images for type (centrilobular, panlobular, and mixed) and extent (on a six-point scale) of emphysema, the presence of bronchiectasis, airway wall thickening, and tracheal abnormalities. Standard images for each finding, generated by two radiologists, were used for reference. The extent of emphysema, airway wall thickening, and luminal area were quantified at the lobar level by using commercial software. Spearman rank test and simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to compare the results of visual assessment with physiologic and quantitative parameters. Results:The type of emphysema, determined by four readers, showed good agreement (k = 0.63). The extent of the emphysema in each lobe showed good agreement (mean weighted k = 0.70) and correlated with findings at quantitative CT (r = 0.75), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) (r = 20.68), FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (r = 20.74) (P , .001). Agreement for airway wall thickening was fair (mean k = 0.41), and the number of lobes with thickened bronchial walls correlated with FEV 1 (r = 20.60) and FEV 1 /FVC ratio (r = 20.60) (P , .001). Conclusion:Visual assessment of emphysema and airways disease in individuals with COPD can provide reproducible, physiologically substantial information that may complement that provided by quantitative CT assessment.q RSNA, 2012 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup /suppl

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“…4a) (16). Physiological air-trapping will be detected at an expiratory CT in up to 50% of asymptomatic subjects.…”

Section: Visual Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Ley‐Zaporozhan¹,

Beek²

2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is defined by irreversible airflow obstruction. It is a heterogeneous disease affecting the airways and/or the parenchyma with different severity during the course of the disease. These different aspects of COPD can be addressed by imaging using a combination of morphological and functional techniques. Computed tomography (CT) is the technique of choice for morphological imaging of the lung parenchyma and airways. This morphological information is to be accomplished by functional information about ventilation and perfusion, mainly provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The comprehensive diagnostic possibilities of CT complemented by MRI will allow for a more sensitive detection, phenotype-driven characterization, and dedicated therapy monitoring of the disease.

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Structure and Function of Small Airways in Smokers: Relationship between Air Trapping at CT and Airway Inflammation

Abstract: In smokers, air trapping is correlated with inflammatory infiltration of the smooth muscle layer of small airways.

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Inflammatory cell microlocalisation and airway dysfunction: cause and effect?

Inflammatory cell microlocalisation and airway dysfunction: cause and effect?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lobe-based Visual Assessment of Volumetric CT by Using Standard Images—Comparison with Quantitative CT and Pulmonary Function Test in the COPDGene Study

Imaging phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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