Structure and Function of Mesothelial Cells

Mutsaers, Steven E.; Wilkosz, Sylwia

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48993-3_1

Cited by 73 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This is of special importance as HMCs are known to secrete various chemokines and cytokines involved in leukocyte recruitment and/or activation, and there is accumulating support for a role of HMCs in antigen presentation (Mutsaers and Wilkosz, 2007). Thus, future studies are required in order to clarify how far HMC-mediated efferocytosis influences tumor cell dissemination into the peritoneal cavity and how it modulates the anti-tumor-immune response, especially during chemotherapeutic intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Wagner

Lindau

Ripper

et al. 2011

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryPeritoneal carcinomatosis is an advanced form of metastatic disease characterized by cancer cell dissemination onto the peritoneum. It is commonly observed in ovarian and colorectal cancers and is associated with poor patient survival. Novel therapies consist of cytoreductive surgery in combination with intraperitoneal chemotherapy, aiming at tumor cell death induction. The resulting dying tumor cells are considered to be eliminated by professional as well as semi-professional phagocytes. In the present study, we have identified a hitherto unknown type of 'amateur' phagocyte in this environment: human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMCs). We demonstrate that HMCs engulf corpses of dying ovarian and colorectal cancer cells, as well as other types of apoptotic cells. Flow cytometric, confocal and electron microscopical analyses revealed that HMCs ingest dying cell fragments in a dose-and timedependent manner and the internalized material subsequently traffics into late phagolysosomes. Regarding the mechanisms of prey cell recognition, our results show that HMCs engulf apoptotic corpses in a serum-dependent and -independent fashion and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that diverse opsonin receptor systems orchestrating dying cell clearance are expressed in HMCs at high levels. Our data strongly suggest that HMCs contribute to dying cell removal in the peritoneum, and future studies will elucidate in what manner this influences tumor cell dissemination and the antitumor immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Wagner

Lindau

Ripper

et al. 2011

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Mesothelial cells express numerous microvilli on the apical surface in vivo (Mutsaers and Wilkosz 2007) and secrete hyaluronan (Yung and Chan 2007), sug- gesting that these features represent important functions of the cells that line the peritoneal, pleural, and cardiac cavities. The glycocalyx of mesothelial cells has been suggested to prevent abrasion, form a protective barrier around the cells (Mutsaers and Wilkosz 2007), and regulate inflammation (Yung and Chan 2007).…”

Section: Importance Of the Coatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pericellular Hyaluronan Coat Visualized in Live Cells With a Fluorescent Probe Is Scaffolded by Plasma Membrane Protrusions

Rilla

Tiihonen

Kultti

et al. 2008

J Histochem Cytochem.

100

107

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S U M M A R Y Many cell types wear up to 20-mm-wide hyaluronidase-sensitive surface coats, detected by exclusion of sedimenting particles like fixed erythrocytes. The structure of the coat is enigmatic, being apparently too thick to be accounted by random coils or even extended chains of just hyaluronan attached to cell surface. We have shown that hyaluronan synthesis enforced by green fluorescent protein-hyaluronan synthase transfection creates microvillous protrusions. The idea that the plasma membrane protrusions rather than hyaluronan alone is responsible for the exclusion space was studied with a fluorescent probe for hyaluronan and a dye with membrane affinity, applied to live cell cultures. Mesothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes, all known for their endogenously active hyaluronan synthesis, showed hyaluronan-coated plasma membrane protrusions, barely visible in phase contrast microscopy. Treatment with hyaluronidase and inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis caused retraction of the protrusions unless they were attached to substratum. Hyaluronan and the exclusion space were reduced, but did not disappear, by purified hyaluronan hexasaccharides that compete with hyaluronan attached to CD44. The results suggest that slender plasma membrane protrusions are an inherent feature of hyaluronan coats, form their scaffold, and largely result from ongoing hyaluronan synthesis in their plasma membrane. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http:// www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:901-910, 2008)

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“…In the healthy adult, mesothelia are relatively quiescent -their primary function is to form a non-adhesive surface for the movement of organs (Mutsaers and Wilkosz, 2007). However, mesothelia are also recognized as crucial players in peritoneal sclerosis (Chegini, 2008;Yung and Chan, 2009), in the regulation of the injury microenvironment in myocardial infarction and for their ability to promote revascularization of diverse tissues, including the heart (Takaba et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel developmental mechanism in the generation of mesothelia

2012

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SUMMARYMesothelium is the surface layer of all coelomic organs and is crucial for the generation of their vasculature. Still, our understanding of the genesis of this essential cell type is restricted to the heart where a localized exogenous population of cells, the proepicardium, migrates to and envelops the myocardium supplying mesothelial, vascular and stromal cell lineages. Currently it is not known whether this pattern of development is specific to the heart or applies broadly to other coelomic organs. Using two independent long-term lineage-tracing studies, we demonstrate that mesothelial progenitors of the intestine are intrinsic to the gut tube anlage. Furthermore, a novel chick-quail chimera model of gut morphogenesis reveals these mesothelial progenitors are broadly distributed throughout the gut primordium and are not derived from a localized and exogenous proepicardium-like source of cells. These data demonstrate an intrinsic origin of mesothelial cells to a coelomic organ and provide a novel mechanism for the generation of mesothelial cells.

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Structure and Function of Mesothelial Cells

Cited by 73 publications

References 81 publications

Phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Pericellular Hyaluronan Coat Visualized in Live Cells With a Fluorescent Probe Is Scaffolded by Plasma Membrane Protrusions

Identification of a novel developmental mechanism in the generation of mesothelia

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