Structure and Function of an Old‐Field Broomsedge Community

Golley, Frank B.

doi:10.2307/1942219

Cited by 118 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A. virginicus is an opportunistic native C 4 grass that invades mid-successional oldfields throughout much of the midwest and eastern United States (Golley 1965). In 2000 and 2001, this species was virtually absent from all plots, but began to increase in the non-fertilized plots in 2002 and in much of the landscape that surrounded the experimental site (B.…”

Section: Community Structure and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hay management and native species sowing on grassland community structure, biomass, and restoration

Foster

Kindscher

Houseman

et al. 2009

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Prairie hay meadows are important reservoirs of grassland biodiversity in the tallgrass prairie regions of the central United States and are the object of increasing attention for conservation and restoration. In addition, there is growing interest in the potential use of such low-input, high-diversity (LIHD) native grasslands for biofuel production. The uplands of eastern Kansas, USA, which prior to European settlement were dominated by tallgrass prairie, are currently utilized for intensive agriculture or exist in a state of abandonment from agriculture. The dominant grasslands in the region are currently high-input, low-diversity (HILD) hay fields seeded to introduced C 3 hay grasses. We present results from a long-term experiment conducted in a recently abandoned HILD hay field in eastern Kansas to evaluate effects of fertilization, haying, and native species sowing on community dynamics, biomass, and potential for restoration to native LIHD hay meadow.Fertilized plots maintained dominance by introduced grasses, maintained low diversity, and were largely resistant to colonization throughout the study. Non-fertilized plots exhibited rapid successional turnover, increased diversity, and increased abundance of C 4 grasses over time. Haying led to modest changes in species composition and lessened the negative impact of fertilization on diversity. In non-fertilized plots, sowing increased representation by native species and increased diversity, successional turnover, and biomass production. Our results support the shifting limitations hypothesis of community organization and highlight the importance of species pools and seed limitations in constraining successional turnover, community structure, and ecosystem productivity under conditions of low fertility. Our findings also indicate that several biological and functional aspects of LIHD hay meadows can be restored from abandoned HILD hay fields by ceasing fertilization and reintroducing native species through sowing. Declines in primary production and hay yield that result from the cessation of fertilization may be at least partially compensated for by restoration.

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Section: Community Structure and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hay management and native species sowing on grassland community structure, biomass, and restoration

Foster

Kindscher

Houseman

et al. 2009

Ecological Applications

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“…Apesar de o referido campo encontrar-se em região temperada, tem semelhança com o campo sujo deste estudo por apresentar uma quantidade de fitomassa morta bem maior que a viva. Golley (1965) sugeriu que uma grande quantidade de matéria morta diminui a penetração da radiação solar nas camadas de vegetação mais baixas, diminuindo a sua produtividade. San Jose & Medina (1975) citaram como possíveis razões para a baixa produtividade dos campos dos Banos venezuelanos a concentração de maior parte da chuva em um período do ano e as condições edáficas desfavoráveis.…”

Section: Não Queimada Queimadaunclassified

Produção primária líquida em área queimada e não queimada de campo sujo de cerrado (Planaltina - DF)

Meirelles

Henriques

1992

Acta Bot. Bras.

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RESUMO -Foi estimada a produção primária líquida aérea de duas áreas de campo sujo de cerrado em Planaltina (DF), sendo uma preservada e outra queimada no início do experimento. A produção foi estimada através das diferenças entre o peso seco da fitomassa herbácea aérea coletada quinzenalmente. O estudo foi realizado de outubro de 1980 a abril de 1981, que corresponde ao período das chuvas no DF. A produção primária líquida aérea do estrato herbáceo da área queimada (176 :!: 33 g m-2 ) foi maior que a observada na área que não sofreu queima (108 :!: 26 g m-Z). A eficiência da conversão de energia solar para matéria seca foi de 0,19 :!: 0,04% para a área queimada e 0,:;'2 :!: 0,03% na área preservada. A produção quinzenal apresentou correlação significativa com a precipitação e água no solo, demonstrando ser a água um fator limitante da produtividade do estrato herbáceo em área de campo sujo de cerrado.Palavras-chave: produção primária, fogo, cerrado, campo sujo. ABSTRACf -The above-ground net primary production was estimated for two areas of campo sujo of cerrado, one unburnt and the other initially burnt. Production was estimated by using diferences in the above-ground biomass which was sampled at quarterly intervals. The study was planned to coincide with the wet season, between oclober 1980 and april 1981. The aboVe-ground net primary production of lhe herbaceous layer in the burnt area (176 :!: 33 g m-2 ) was higher than in the unburnt area (108 :!: 26 g m-Z). The efficiency of the conversion of solar energy into dry matter was 0,12 :!: 0,0,03% for the unburnt campo sujo and 0,19 :!: 0,04% for the burnt campo sujo. The quartely production figures had significative correlation with precipitation and soil water, showing that the water is a limiting factor to the herbaceous layer primary production in campo sujo of cerrado.

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“…Thus, the transplant experiment whilst not confirming inherent heavy-metal tolerance per se {sensu McNaughton et aL, 1974;Foster, 1982) does demonstrate inherent tolerance to a suite of edaphic conditions which include elevated lead, zinc and cadmium levels. A. virginicus, one of the dominant species in old-field succession in the southeastern U.S.A. (Odum, 1960;Golley, 1965) and an innportant component of the northeastern Oklahoma and Arkansas prairies (Buck and Kelting, 1962;Irving, Brenholts and Foti, 1980) is a species of wide ecological range and broad edaphic tolerance (Billings, 1938). The lack of ecotypic differentiation between the control and mine population serves as an illustration of this inherent tolerance to a variety of soil types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVIDENCE FOR THE ABSENCE OF ECOTYPIC DEVELOPMENT IN ANDROPOGON VIRGINICUS (L.) ON METALLIFEROUS MINE WASTES

Gibson

Risser

1982

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYPopulations of broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.) were studied from three sites in northeastern Oklahoma, U.S.A. The sites differed in the levels of the heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium which had become incorporated into the soil; the highest concentrations were recorded from a mine site, intermediate levels at a nearby old field and normal soil levels at a control site. A greenhouse transplant experiment utilizing clonal segments of the three populations grown on field (mine, old field and control) and artificial (mine tailings and quartz sand) soils showed that on the field soils the mine and control populations demonstrated similar growth characteristics. The old-field population differed from these populations in terms of ramet survivorship on the soils. These observations do not support the hypothesis of ecotypic differentiation in response to heavy-trtetai contaminated soils, but suggest that the control and mine populations were genetically similar in their ability to tolerate the edaphic conditions of the mine site. The old-field population may have differentiated in response to the high intraspecific competitive regime on its site.

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Structure and Function of an Old‐Field Broomsedge Community

Cited by 118 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of hay management and native species sowing on grassland community structure, biomass, and restoration

Effects of hay management and native species sowing on grassland community structure, biomass, and restoration

Produção primária líquida em área queimada e não queimada de campo sujo de cerrado (Planaltina - DF)

EVIDENCE FOR THE ABSENCE OF ECOTYPIC DEVELOPMENT IN ANDROPOGON VIRGINICUS (L.) ON METALLIFEROUS MINE WASTES

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