Structure and Function in Primate Society

Gartlan, J

doi:10.1159/000155138

Cited by 209 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The outcome of male-male competition may tend to be resource-specific (Gartlan 1968;Popp & DeVore 1979;Smuts 1982), and natal males may be avoiding doomed fights over females while asserting themselves over food. To the extent that weight is correlated with rank (Popp 1978;Packer 1979;Smuts 1982), food may be more valuable to a young, still-growing natal male than to art adult.…”

Section: Voluntary Natal Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

1984

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Abstract. Sex differences in dispersal and inter-group transfer by birds and mammals are often considered to be evolved responses to the phenomenon of inbreeding depression. This belief is derived from 'natural selection logic', which holds that (1) because inbreeding depression is demonstrably costly, selection must have acted to minimize its occurrence, and (2) as sex differences in dispersal often appear to be the only thing preventing inbreeding, these sex differences must be the expected adaptations for avoiding inbreeding depression. However, although the sex differences in median dispersal distance observed among many small mammals and birds may reduce average levels of inbreeding within a population, they nevertheless leave the majority of individuals 'at risk' for inbreeding; such differences can be responses to inbreeding depression only in a group selection model. Furthermore, natal dispersal by both sexes occurs in many group-living species. In these species, emigration by individuals of one sex cannot easily be attributed to avoiding inbreeding because opposite-sex relatives also emigrate. Though most authors acknowledge that sexual dispersal patterns may be epiphenomenal consequences of other factors (e.g. intrasexual aggression), this point is rarely considered further. In this paper we critically review several frequently cited examples of differential dispersal, and conclude that 'other factors', such as intrasexual competition and territory choice, explain these observations more completely and consistently than does the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. Observed dispersal patterns simply reflect sex differences in the balance between the advantages of philopatry and the costs of intrasexual competition.

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Section: Voluntary Natal Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

1984

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“…Following Gartlan's (1968) suggestions for the analysis of social roles, comparisons were made within each sex across ages (adults vs. young) and within each age across sex. Chi square with Yates' correction (Siegel, 1956) was used to compare the observed frequency of each behavior with the frequency expected if the behavior had been distributed across the age-sex class by chance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A descriptive study of social development in family groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Drews

Forand

Gipe

et al. 1982

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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The social interactions of three family groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus) were observed daily when the litters were 25-32, 60-67, and 79-86 days old. In contrast to similar recent studies, fathers were present in these families. The data were analyzed to isolate the development of patterns of behavior specific to different age-sex classes. These data indicate frequent interactions between adult males and their young and suggest that the role of adult males in socialization of young deserves further attention.

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“…Several authors have recently pointed out the need for considering role analysis as a method in the investigation of primate social dynamics (Bernstein & Sharpe, 1966;Crook, 1970;Gartlan, 1968;Rowell, 1966). Such analyses have been undertaken with the group of Ss reported here, as well as with similar groups of M. nemestrina.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Boelkins technique offers a high degree of reliability, involves an objective measure which is simple to specify and record, and eliminates the possibility of an animal's gaining access to an incentive while two higher-ranking individuals are contesting for it. The principle of dominance, particularly as measured by the methods discussed above, has recently been attacked on the grounds of validity, that is, the relationship of the tested dominance rank to status in the more normal social interactions of primates (Gartlan, 1968). Since a long-term study of social dynamics and communication in primates was abo u t to be initiated in this laboratory, it was important to examine the relationship between social rank derived from the water dominance test and a variety of other social behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social validation of an objective measure of dominance in captive monkeys

Christopher

1972

Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru.

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Structure and Function in Primate Society

Cited by 209 publications

References 9 publications

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

A descriptive study of social development in family groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Social validation of an objective measure of dominance in captive monkeys

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