Structure and extinction of laminar diffusion flames above condensed fuels with water and nitrogen

Water Mist Suppression of PMMA Boundary Layer Combustion - A Comparison of NanoMist and Spray Nozzle Performance

“…In most laboratory-scale studies of water mist suppression mechanisms in diffusion flames, both in co-current [6] and countercurrent [7,8], configurations, water mist was known to suppress or extinguish the flame and the key mechanisms of suppression/extinguishment were identified as thermal cooling and oxygen dilution.…”

Effects Of Fire Retardant Additin On The Combustion Properties Of A Charring Fuel

“…An oxygen free environment is desired to simulate flaming combustion of a solid fuel surrounded by a diffusion flame, since for such flames measurements have shown that little or no oxygen diffuses through the flame to fuel surface. This is discussed in Seshadri and Williams [4] and Chen et al [5]. Diffusion flame calculations using finite rate chemistry also illustrate this point, for an example see Sibulkin et al [6].…”

“…The heat of gasification is defined by h g .. q"neJm" (4) where q"net is the sum of the heat flux inputs and losses at the fuel surface and m" is the mass flux of gaseous products leaving the sample surface (i.e., the pyrolysis rate). The electronic balance measured the sample mass as a function of time, and the results were numerically differentiated to obtain m"(t).…”

Experimental investigations of the influence of pressure on critical extinction conditions of laminar nonpremixed flames burning condensed hydrocarbon fuels, jet fuels, and surrogates

“…The value of the strain rate, defined as the normal gradient of the normal component of the flow velocity, changes from the fuel boundary to the oxidizer boundary [31]. The characteristic strain rate on the oxidizer side of the stagnation plane, a 2 , is defined by Eq.…”

“…Equation (1) has been obtained from an asymptotic theory where the Reynolds numbers of the laminar flow at the duct exit is presumed to be large [21,31], but irrespective of that, it serves to parameterize the experimental conditions for future comparisons with numerical computations. The separation distance, L, in this experiment was 10 mm.…”