Structure and expression of a split chloroplast gene from mustard (Sinapis alba): ribosomal protein gene rps16 reveals unusual transcriptional features and complex RNA maturation

Neuhaus, H.; Scholz, Andrea; Link, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/bf00445753

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The promoters of these latter genes contain -10 and -35 elements homologous to cis-elements in prokaryotic sigma-70 promoters (for a review, see Hanley-Bowdoin and Chua, 1987). In contrast, the presumptive promoters of rpoB (Hudson et al, 1988) and rpsl6 (Neuhaus et al, 1989) are AT-rich and lack these elements. On the other hand, the trnK (Boyer and Mullet, 1988b) and 16s rRNA (Sun et al, 1986;Baeza et al, 1991) promoters contain -10 and -35 elements.…”

Section: Differential Transcription Of Rpob 16s Rrna Frnfm/c and Tmentioning

confidence: 93%

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

1993

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Chloroplast genomes encode rRNAs, tRNAs, and proteins involved in transcription, translation, and photosynthesis. l h e expression of 15 plastid genes representing each of these functions was quantitated during chloroplast development in barley (Hordeum vulgare). l h e transcription of all plastid genes increased during the initial phase of chloroplast development and then declined during chloroplast maturation. RNAs corresponding to rpoBrpoC1-rpoC2, which encode subunits of a plastid RNA polymerase, and rpsl6, which encodes a ribosomal protein, reached maximal abundance early in chloroplast development prior to genes encoding subunits of the photosynthetic apparatus (rbcl, afp6, psaA, petB). lranscription of rpoB as well as 16s rRNA, trnfM-tmC, and trnK was high early in chloroplast development and declined 10-fold relative to r b c l transcription during chloroplast maturation. RNA hybridizing to psbA and psbD, genes encoding reaction center proteins of photosystem II, was differentially maintained in mature chloroplasts of illuminated barley. Differential accumulation of psbD mRNA relative to r b c l mRNA was due to light-stimulated transcription of psbD. In contrast, enhanced levels of psbA mRNA in mature chloroplasts were due primarily to selective stabilization of the psbA mRNA. These data document dynamic modulation of plastid gene transcription and mRNA stability during barley chloroplast development.

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Section: Differential Transcription Of Rpob 16s Rrna Frnfm/c and Tmentioning

confidence: 93%

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

1993

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“…To obtain the sequences encoding rps16 in the Brassicaceae chloroplast genomes, we conducted a BLASTN search using the sequence of the cp rps16 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana as the query. The results identified 11 complete Brassicaceae chloroplast genomes (GenBank accession numbers: Aethionema grandiflorum, AP009367; Arabis hirsuta, AP009369; Barbarea verna, AP009370; Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis, AC189190; Capsella bursa-pastoris, AP009371; Crucihimalaya wallichii, AP009372; D. nemorosa, AP009373; Lepidium virginicum, AP009374; L. maritima, AP009375; Nasturtium officinale, AP009376; O. pumila, NC_009267) and the partial chloroplast genome, including rps16, of Sinapis alba (GenBank accession number: X13609) (Neuhaus et al, 1989). A comparison of these sequences revealed that the rps16 genes in the Aethionema grandiflorum, Arabis hirsuta, D. nemorosa, and L. maritima chloroplast genomes have become pseudogenes.…”

Section: Pseudogenization Of Rps16 In the Chloroplast Genomes Of Somementioning

confidence: 99%

Different status of the gene for ribosomal protein S16 in the chloroplast genome during evolution of the genus Arabidopsis and closely related species

et al. 2010

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The ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16), the product of the rps16, is generally encoded in the chloroplast genomes of flowering plants. However, it has been reported that chloroplast-encoded RPS16 in mono-and dicotyledonous plants has been substituted by the product of nuclear-encoded rps16, which was transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus before the early divergence of angiosperms. Current databases show that the chloroplast-encoded rps16 has become a pseudogene in four species of the Brassicaceae (Aethionema grandiflorum, Arabis hirsuta, Draba nemorosa, and Lobularia maritima). Further analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relatives has shown that pseudogenization has also occurred via the loss of its splicing capacity (Arabidopsis thaliana and Olimarabidopsis pumila). In contrast, the spliced product of chloroplast-encoded rps16 is observed in close relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis arenosa, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa). In this study, we identified the different functional status of rps16 in several chloroplast genomes in the genus Arabidopsis and its close relatives. Our results strongly suggest that nuclear-and chloroplastencoded rps16 genes coexisted for at least 126 million years. We raise the possibility of the widespread pseudogenization of rps16 in the angiosperm chloroplast genomes via the loss of its splicing capacity, even when the rps16 encoded in the chloroplast genome is transcriptionally active.

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“…these promoter elements. In contrast, the rps76 promoter lacks -35 sequence elements but retains a -10-like domain (Neuhaus et al, 1989). Moreover, transcription of rrnR7 and frnS7 does not require any upstream sequences (Gruissem et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a sequence-specific DNA binding factor required for transcription of the barley chloroplast blue light-responsive psbD-psbC promoter.

Kim

Mullet

1995

Plant Cell

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The plastid gene psbD encodes the photosystem II reaction center chlorophyll protein D2. psbD is located in a complex operon that includes psbC, psbK, psbl, orf62, and tmG. The operon is transcribed from at least three different promoters. One of the psbD promoters is differentially activated when plants are exposed t o blue light. In this study, the psbD blue light-responsive promoter was accurately transcribed in vitro in high-salt extracts of barley plastids. Transcription required supercoiled templates and was inhibited by tagetitoxin, an inhibitor of plastid transcription. Escherichia coli RNA polymerase did not recognize the psbD light-responsive promoter with the same specificity as plastid RNA polymerase.Deletion analyses demonstrated that sequences between -39 and -68, upstream of the transcription initiation site, were required for transcription of the psbD blue light-responsive promoter. This DNA region is highly conserved among plant species and contains multiple AAG sequences. Gel shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments demonstrated that the AAG-rich DNA sequence interacts with a sequence-specific DNA binding factor termed AGF. Point mutations in the AAG c i s element decreased binding of AGF and inhibited transcription from the psbD light-responsive promoter. We concluded that AGF is an essential factor required for transcription of the psbD light-responsive promoter.

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Structure and expression of a split chloroplast gene from mustard (Sinapis alba): ribosomal protein gene rps16 reveals unusual transcriptional features and complex RNA maturation

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

Different status of the gene for ribosomal protein S16 in the chloroplast genome during evolution of the genus Arabidopsis and closely related species

Identification of a sequence-specific DNA binding factor required for transcription of the barley chloroplast blue light-responsive psbD-psbC promoter.

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