Structure and Expression of a Novel Member, FGF-16, of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family

Novel cross talk between MEK and S6K2 in FGF-2 induced proliferation of SCLC cells

“…Among the twenty structurally related polypeptides (FGF-1 to 20) that constitute the mammalian FGF family, FGF-2 is one of the most extensively studied (Miyake et al, 1998;Szebenyi and Fallon, 1999). This growth factor plays a key role in diverse biological processes, which are of particular interest to cancer biology, including proliferation, di erentiation, migration, survival and neovascularization (Bikfalvi et al, 1997).…”

Functional evolutionary history of the mouse Fgf gene family

“…FGFs 1-9 range in size from ϳ150 to 260 amino acid residues and have a conserved ϳ120-amino acid residue core with ϳ30 to 70% sequence identity (Ornitz and Itoh, 2001;Itoh and Ornitz, 2004). Based on their conserved amino acid sequences, Fgfs 10 -14 and 16 -23 were isolated by conducting a homology-based polymerase chain reaction or identified by homology-based searches in nucleotide sequence databases (Yamasaki et al, 1996;Smallwood et al, 1996;Miyake et al, 1998;Hoshikawa et al, 1998;Nishimura et al, 1999Nishimura et al, , 2000Ohmachi et al, 2000;Nakatake et al, 2001;Yamashita et al, 2000). In addition, Fgf15 was identified as a downstream target of the chimeric homeodomain oncoprotein E2A-Pbx (McWhirter et al, 1997).…”

Secretion of FGF-16 Requires an Uncleaved Bipartite Signal Sequence

“…Cleavage-In an earlier study, Miyake et al (18) showed that tagged rat FGF-16 is secreted from insect Sf9 cells transfected with its cDNA. Our first aim was to confirm secretion from FGF-16 from the mammalian COS-1 cell line (Fig.…”

“…The primary structures of signal sequences vary widely, but are typically composed of a hydrophobic region (h-region) of 6 -15 amino acids, a short stretch of 2-5 positively charged residues (n-region), and a hydrophilic region (c-region) of about 6 residues terminating at a small uncharged residue that contributes its carboxyl group to the peptide bond cleaved by signal peptidase (16). In contrast, FGF-9 (17), FGF-16 (18), and FGF-20 (19) all seem to be secreted despite their lack of cleavable, N-terminal signal peptides. We reported previously that FGF-9 contains an uncleaved signal sequence that involves both its N-terminal region and central hydrophobic region (20).…”

“…The primary structure of FGF-16 shows 73% identity with that of FGF-9 (18). It is expressed mainly in embryonic brown adipose tissue and adult heart and, once secreted, has a mitogenic effect on primary brown adipocytes, which it exerts by binding to and activating FGFR-4 on the plasma membrane (22).…”