Structure and electrical properties of IrO2-doped 0.5Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3–0.5BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3 ceramics via low-temperature sintering

Abstract

Lead-free ceramics 0.5Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 TiO 3 -0.5BaTi 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 3 -xIrO 2 (x = 0-1.2 %) were prepared at a low temperature of 1260°C via sintering the as-synthesized nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a modified Pechini polymeric precursor method. All samples featured high levels of densification under the synthesis conditions; particularly, the ceramic prepared at IrO 2 content of 0.4 % achieved the highest relative density (*97.4 %). Phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic and a polymorphic phase transition (PPT) region were observed, which were influenced by the IrO 2 content. The dielectric properties, temperature coefficient of capacitance, ferroelectric properties, and piezoelectric properties as a function of IrO 2 content were thoroughly studied. Optimal electrical properties (remnant polarization, piezoelectric constant, and planar electromechanical coupling factors, i.e., P r = 6.28 lC/cm 2 , d 33 = 199 pC/N, and k p = 0.258) were obtained around the PPT region. The findings of the ceramic electrical properties by IrO 2 doping are believed to be insightful in the development of lead-free dielectric and ferroelectric materials.

Structure and electrical properties of BCZT ceramics derived from microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal synthesized powders

“…The SEM image shows a homogenous distribution of grains with a dense microstructure and the grain size is measured to be 20-30 μm. The density of the obtained BCZT ceramics is 5.57 g/cm 3 , which is better than other related reports 29,30 . As shown in the EDS spectrums, all elements belonging to BCZT ceramics are uniformly distributed throughout the observed www.nature.com/scientificreports/ area, without any significant element enrichment areas.…”

Electrical Properties and Thermal Expansion Characteristics of (1–x)Ba0.948Ca0.05Er0.002Ti0.94Zr0.06O3–(x)Pr Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Sintered at a Low‐Temperature

“…Therefore, some new processes, that is, hot‐pressed sintering, plasma activated sintering, and spark plasma sintering had been applied to improve the preparing process . Apart from the new preparing process, the solid state reaction had been always modified by using the nanoparticles with chemical solution routes or adding low‐temperature eutectic mixtures . Further, BCZT‐based ceramics were optimized by introducing amphoteric character rare‐earth elements that could occupy A or B sites in the perovskite (ABO 3 ) structure, resulting in phase evolution and excellent multifunctional performance .…”