“…The third peak (0.5 nm < d < 0.7 nm) becomes prominent at θ > 1.0, where the growth of the two peaks almost ceases. In the first and second peak regions, H 2 O molecules adsorb on the muscovite surface with a polarity-based orientation angle, unlike those in the bulk phase. ,,, This implies that the H 2 O molecules are arranged in the same orientation on the muscovite surface, resulting in the formation of a structured layer on the surface, where H 2 O molecules are less mobile than in the bulk phase. ,,, On pyrophyllite, the water density increases in the whole range of d < 1.0 nm, unlike on muscovite. This shows that the water distribution on pyrophyllite is different from that on muscovite, especially in the range d < 1.0 nm, as has been suggested by the snapshots in Figure .…”